反应堆物理实验中的源倍增法研究  

Neutron source multiplication method research in reactor physics experiment

作　　者：史永谦[1] 朱庆福[1] 夏普[1] 李义国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413

出　　处：《核科学与工程》2005年第1期14-19,13,共7页Nuclear Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(TG1999022602)

摘　　要：给出了反应堆物理实验中临界测量和次临界度测量通常所采用的源倍增方法研究。首先从有源的扩散理论出发,导出了与以前不同的源倍增方法的公式。源倍增方法测量的参数实际是次临界系统在外源作用下的有源次临界中子倍增因子ks,而不是在这之前的中子有效倍增因子keff,然后研究了实验装置的临界质量,研究了ks与外源位置和能谱的关系,证明了导出的源倍增方法的理论是正确的。该方法可像过去那样用于反应堆物理实验中的临界外推测量,但不能用于次临界度测量。解决了长期困扰人们有关源倍增方法测量的参数问题。最后讨论了ks和keff的差别和关系以及对临界外推测量和核临界安全的影响。Neutron Source Multiplication method (NSM) in reactor physics experiment was researched, First neutron source multiplication method formula deduced from neutron diffusion equation with external neutron source is different to before one and then it is verified on the sub-critical system, Measurement parameter with NSM is the effective sub-critical neutron multiplication factor k s with external neutron source and is not effective neutronmultiplication factor k eff The Critical mass be measured by NSM, The parameter k eff also is measured by other method The Experiment indicates that neutron source multiplication method formula deduced is correct. The Parameter k s depend on external neutron source position in sub-critical system and external source neutron spectrum. The critical mass can be measured by NSM and. But the sub-criticality (or parameter k eff ) can not be done So a puzzle about measurement parameter k eff with neutron source multiplication method is solved. Finally the relation and difference between parameter k s and parameter k eff and the effect of them on the critical extrapolation measurement and nuclear safety is discussed.

关 键 词：物理实验 反应堆 倍增法 次临界度 KEFF 次临界系统 核临界安全 扩散理论 中子倍增 临界质量 实验装置 测量 有源 因子 外源 外推 

分 类 号：TL351.6[核科学技术—核技术及应用] O4-33[理学—物理]