汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童视觉短时记忆特点研究  

Study on Characteristics of Visual Short-term Memory Ability of Chinese-speaking Dyslexic Children

作　　者：刘翔平[1] 杜文忡[1] 王滨[1] 吴思为[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2005年第12期48-55,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学"十五"规划博士点基金资助项目(01JBXLX004);全国"十五教育规划"教育部重点课题阅读障碍亚类型研究的资助

摘　　要：本研究采用实验研究的方法,探讨了不同亚类型的汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在视觉短时记忆上的特点,分别从不同的材料难度和目标刺激呈现时间上对各阅读障碍组与正常组的短时记忆准确率进行对比。结果表明:(1)阅读障碍儿童与正常儿童在视觉短时记忆上存在显著差异,并且随着材料复杂性的提高,阅读障碍儿童的缺陷表现的更明显。(2)目标刺激难度较小时,呈现时间较短(0.5s)时,识字量差的被试,其记忆准确性显著差于识字量不差的被试;呈现时间较长时(1s和2s),叫组被试之间在记忆准确性上不存在显著差异。(3)目标刺激难度较大时,呈现时间短(0.5s),四组被试之间均不存在显著差异;呈现时间为1s时,识字量差的被试,其记忆准确性显著差于识字量不差的被试;当刺激呈现时间增加至2s时,阅读理解能力差的被试,其记忆准确性显著低于阅读理解能力不差的被试。The visual memory process ability is a good predictor of reading. This research based on experimental methods, investigate visual short- term memory ability of Chinese- speaking dyslexic children. This experiment was carried to compare the different ability between dyslexic and normal children in remembering accuracy ratio by manipulating prime duration variable （0.5s, ls,2s） and material difficulty. The following conclusion of this research could be drawn： （ 1 ） There was significant difference between dyslexic and normal children. With the increasing of the material difficulty, the deficit became more significant. （2） With the less complex materials, as presented shorter prime duration （ = 0.5s）, the groups with high vocabulary performed better than the groups with low vocabulary; as presented longer prime duration （ls and 2s）, there was no significant difference among the Four groups. （3） With the more complex materials, as presented shorter prime duration （ = 0.5s）, there was no signifeant difference among the four groups; as presented longer prime duration（ = ls）,the groups with high vocabulary performed better than the groups with logy vocabulary; as presented prime duration（ = 2s）, the groups with high reading comprehensive level performed better than the groups with low reading comprehensive level.

关 键 词：汉语发展性阅读障碍 视觉加工能力 短时记忆 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]