上下肢无氧工作能力对400m跑疲劳状态下速度的影响  

The Influence of the Anaerobic Working Capacity of Limbs on the Potential Speed of Running 400-m under Fatigue

作　　者：于川茗[1] 宫本庄[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学体育学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《广州体育学院学报》2006年第2期93-96,100,共5页Journal of Guangzhou Sport University

摘　　要：为了解上下肢无氧工作能力对400m全程跑速度变化的影响,采用对运动员全程跑4个测量点的运动学特征和上下肢Wingate测试结果进行分析。结果表明:(1)造成400m跑减速现象的最主要的直接原因是运动员在后程无法保持较高的步频。(2)后程的跑速较之前半程的跑速更加影响全程跑成绩。(3)下肢无氧抗疲劳能力越强的运动员在400m跑后段更能保持较高的跑速,而且越接近终点这种现象越明显。同时,也说明在全程跑的前半程有意识的适当控制速度将有利于后程保持较高的速度。(4)上肢快速有力的摆动,在疲劳状态下将起到一定的对下肢摆动不足的代偿作用。上肢良好的摆动还有利于保持步频。上肢良好的无氧工作能力有利于减小400m跑最后阶段的速度下降幅度。In order to investigate the influence of the change of the speed pattern of athlete＇ s 400 - m running and the anaerobic working capacity of Athlete＇ s lower limbs on the running speed, the author analyses the sport features of 4 test points in the 400 - m running and the upper and lower limbs by using Wingate test. Results are the following. （1） The direct reason of athletes＇ the speed decline is because athletes could not maintain high pace. （2）The speed of latter part influences athletes＇ final result more than the influence of the former part. （3） Athletes with more powerful anti - anaerobic power of the lower limb＇ s can keep more high speed in the latter part of the 400 - m running, meanwhile , it also tells that if athlete controls the running speed during the first half of the running, the athlete can achieve higher speed during the latter half. （4） The swinging of the upper limbs can delay the fatigue and help to keep athlete＇ s pace. The anaerobic power of the upper limbs help to de- crease the decline of the speed during latter part of 400m.

关 键 词：400M跑 无氧工作能力 疲劳 跑速 上肢 下肢 

分 类 号：G822.1[文化科学—体育训练]