学前儿童社交退缩类型与气质  

The Subtypes of Social Withdrawal and Temperament in Early Childhood

作　　者：孙铃[1] 陈会昌[1] 郑淑杰[2] 单玲[1] 陈欣银 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875 [2]内蒙古师范大学教育系,内蒙古010022 [3]University of Western Ontario London,Canada

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2006年第5期288-290,共3页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的:考察学前儿童不同类型的社交退缩行为与气质特点的关系。方法:采用实验室观察法对176名4岁儿童的三种社交退缩行为做出评价:抑制行为、安静退缩和活跃退缩。气质特点由母亲报告。结果:抑制行为与儿童气质上的害羞(r=0．21,P<0．05)、不善交往(r=-0．31,P<0．01)有关,安静退缩与母亲报告的气质特征(P>0．05)无显著相关,活跃退缩与儿童的高活动水平(r=0．19,P<0．05) 有关。结论:儿童三种社交退缩行为的气质基础存在差异,行为抑制可能是由于天性害羞,而安静退缩与害羞无关,活跃退缩行为多的儿童活动水平较高。Objective： The main purpose of this research is to confirm that there are at least three subtypes of social withdrawal in childhood： reticence, passive withdrawal and active withdrawal. Each subtype had an individual correlation pattern with childreng temperaments. Methods： One hundred and seventy-six Chinese children of about 4 years old participated in a serial of lab observations, during which the three subtypes of social withdrawal were assessed. And the childreng mothers completed Colorado Child Temperament Inventory （ CCTI） . Results： Reticence positively related to temperamental shyness （ r = 0. 21, P 〈 0. 05 ）, and negatively related to temperamental sociability （ r = -0. 31, P 〈0. 01 ）; passive withdrawal had no significant correlation with any temperament; and active withdrawal had a positive correlation with high level activity （ r = 0. 19, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion： The three subtypes of social withdrawal have respective temperamental base.

关 键 词：学前儿童 社交退缩 实验室观察 气质 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]