学生资助和高等教育机会均等(续2)——对中日美3国的比较分析  

Student Financial Aid and Equality of Higher Education Opportunity:A Comparative Study of Japan,USA,and China(Part Ⅲ)

作　　者：小林雅之[1] 王杰 

机构地区：[1]东京大学大学综合教育研究中心 [2]日本国立御茶女子大学

出　　处：《教育与经济》2006年第2期55-60,共6页Education & Economy

摘　　要：本期主要讨论日本、中国的学费和学生资助状况。在日本,学费上涨很快,但是学生资助制度没有及时得到完善。国家财政提供的资助主要通过日本学生资助机构办理。该资助属贷款而不是赠予,学生在毕业后必须偿还。多数私立大学虽设立了具有其特色的奖助贷学金,但获资助学生非常少。即便是日本国立大学的学生,其教育费负担也很重。在中国,公立大学的学费飞速上涨。虽然中国的学生资助类型多样,但是赠予型多用于奖优,助贫主要靠贷款,借贷学生的偿还压力很大。中日两国都有待于进一步改善其教育机会均等化政策。Part Ⅲ of this paper deals with the tuition and student financial aid programs both in Japan and in China. In Japan the tuition has been rising so rapidly, but the student financial aid programs have not been rising. The public student aid programs are provided by the Japan Student Support Organization. This aid is some type of loans not grant, and students must repay their loans after graduation. More than half of private universities have some kinds of institutional aid programs, but the recipients are so small. As a result the tuitions in Japanese universities are very high even in national universities. In China tuitions of national and public universities have been rising very rapidly. There exist various types of student financial aid, but most grants are merit--based, and most need--based aids are loans. The loan burden of prospective students is very heavy. The policy toward equality of educational opportunity is needed in both countries.

关 键 词：学生资助 学费 学生贷款 教育经费 高等教育 财政投入 教育经济学 教育机会均等 日本 中国 美国 比较教育 

分 类 号：G649.313[文化科学—高等教育学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学]