新型飞行救生食品的人体生存保障效果评价  

Evaluation of effects of the newly developed flight-survival ration on human survival

作　　者：罗丽华[1] 杨昌林[1] 王若永[1] 杜鹏[1] 齐颖[1] 张可[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所,北京100036

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2006年第2期128-133,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的评价新型飞行救生食品对人体生理和代谢的影响,推断对生存能力的保障效果。方法10名男性在3 d时间内仅食用280 g新型飞行救生食品,饮用1500 ml纯净水。试验期间进行主观症状问卷调查,并定时测定有关生理生化和人体测量学指标,包括心电图、血压、体温、血常规、血清电解质、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血糖、尿常规以及体重、脂肪率、握力,计量每日尿量,采用生活作业观察法计算每日热能消耗。通过上述指标综合评价新型飞行救生食品对人体功能的影响,推断其保障效果。结果体重明显减轻,脂肪率、握力和体温没有明显变化,血压虽有所升高,但仍在正常范围内。心电图结果表明,72 h试验对心脏没有产生可见的电生理影响。血常规、血清电解质、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和血糖虽有变化,但是均在正常值范围。尿量显著减少,72 h试验后尿常规仍在正常值范围。主观感觉包括:口渴感、饥饿感、疲劳感、头晕和头痛随试验时间的推移而明显加重,但所有受试者一般状况良好。结论新型飞行救生食品可以维持3 d的基本生存需要。Objective To evaluate the effects of the newly developed flight-survival ration on human physiology and metabolism so as to predict its survival supporting function. Methods Ten male volunteers took only newly developed flight-survival ration of 280 g and drank 1500 ml of bottled pure water in the rescue bag within three-day-experiment. Subjective symptoms during experiment were investigated by questionnaire. Physiological, biochemical and anthropometric parameters including electrocardiogram （ECG）, blood pressure, body temperature, blood routine test, serum electrolytes, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase（GPT）, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase（GOT）, blood glucose, urine routine test, body weight, body fat rate and grip were measured before and during the experiment. Daily urine volume was recorded. Daily energy expenditure was calculated by life-activityrecording method. Survival supporting function of the newly developed flight-survival ration was evaluated through comprehensive analysis of test results. Results Body weight was reduced significantly while body fat rate, grip and body temperature did not change significantly. Blood pressure was elevated, but within normal range. No visible electrophysiological influences on the heart were found by ECG. Some changes of the blood routine test results, serum electrolytes, GPT, GOT and blood glucose were found but still within normal ranges. Urine volume reduced significantly while urine routine test results were still within normal ranges at the beginning of the fourth day of the experiment. Subjective symptom levels of thirstiness, starvation, fatigue, dizziness and headache were getting higher as the experiment went on, but the general conditions of all the volunteers at the end of experiment were good. Conclusions The newly developed flight-survival ration could basically meet three day＇s survival requirements of human.

关 键 词：食品 代谢 救生 生理功能 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]