2000年中国总膳食研究——膳食铅、镉摄入量  

2000 Chinese total diet study——the dietary lead and cadmium intakes

作　　者：高俊全[1] 李筱薇[1] 赵京玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《卫生研究》2006年第6期750-754,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：1999年科学技术部科技基础性工作项目基金

摘　　要：目的了解中国不同地区铅、镉的膳食摄入量,通过分析2000年中国总膳食研究的膳食样品,得到了中国不同地区铅、镉的含量值以及成年男子摄入量数据,并且评价了膳食铅、镉的安全性。方法采用中国总膳食研究方法,通过膳食调查、统计不同地区人群各种食物的消费量、按照所得的食物消费量数据烹调加工成可食的各种膳食、膳食样品中铅、镉含量采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定,并按总膳食研究方法获得的成年男子各种食品的消费量与实测膳食中铅、镉的含量相乘得到不同地区铅、镉的实际摄入量。采用联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会推荐的暂定每周允许摄入量(PTWI)值评价中国四个大区成年男子膳食中铅、镉摄入的安全性。结果运用总膳食的方法得到了2000年中国四个大区成年男子和全国平均膳食中铅、镉摄入量及占暂定每周允许摄入量(PTWI)数据,北方一区、北方二区、南方一区、南方二区和全国平均分别为(PTWI%):135.6μg(60.3%)和18.4μg(29.1%)、33.6μg(14.9%)和12.1μg(19.2%)、25.6μg(11.4%)和27.6μg(43.8%)、129.8μg(57.7%)和30.8μg(48.9%)、81.1μg(36.1%)和22.2μg(35.3%)。除南方一区铅膳食摄入量的主要来源为谷类、豆类、蛋类和蔬菜类外,其他各区均为谷类和蔬菜类。镉膳食摄入量的主要来源北方一区为谷类、水产类和蔬菜类,北方二区和南方二区均为谷类和蔬菜类,南方一区为谷类、肉类、水产类和蔬菜类。膳食中铅、镉的含量除个别食物类别外,均符合食品限量标准。其中超标的食物类别有南方一区的蛋类超过标准8.1%,北方一区和南方一区水产类食品中镉的含量分别超过标准49.0%和27.6%。结论表明中国不同地区膳食铅、镉的摄入量是安全的,只有某些地区的个别样品超过中国食品中铅、镉限量标准。Objective In order to assess the safety of dietary lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd） intakes in different areas in China, we carried out Chinese total diet study （TDS） in 2000 and obtained total lead and cadmium contents and intakes data and assessed the safety of lead and cadmium in Chinese dietary. Methods Using the Chinese total dietary study method, the analytical samples were obtained in different areas by food consumption survey, food aggregation, food sampling and preparation. The levels of dietary lead and cadmium were determined by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The dietary lead and cadmium intakes in different areas were obtained by timing the food consumption data and the lead and cadmium content in different dietary samples. The safety of dietary lead and cadmium was evaluated in Chinese four regionsand average adults by using the dietary lead and cadmium PTW1 recommended by JECFA of FAO/WHO. Results The dietary lead and cadmium intakes of the adult were estimated in Chinese total diet study. Dietary lead and cadmium （of PTW1） intakes in four different regions and average adults were 135.6μg （60.3%） and 18.3μg （29.1%）, 33.6μg （14.9%） and 12.1μg （19.2%）, 25.6μg （11.4%） and27.6μg （43.8%）, 129.8μg （57.7%） and 30.8μg （48.9%）, 81. 1μg （36.1% ） and 22.2μg （35.3%） respectively. Except South 1, mainly sources of dietary lead were cereals, legumes, eggs and vegetables, that of other regions were cereals and vegetables; Mainly sources of dietary cadmium, North 1 were cereals, aquatic foods and vegetables, North 2 and South 2 were cereals and vegetables, South 1 were cereals, meats, aquatic foods and vegetables. Lead and cadmium concentrations in other food groups of four regions were well below the maximum levels of China national standard, except a few samples in some areas exceeded maximum levels, such as lead of eggs in South 1 region exceeded 8.1% of maximum levels as well as cadmium of aquatic foods of in North 1 and South 1 e

关 键 词：中国总膳食研究 膳食铅 镉摄入量 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]