牛奶不耐受的膳食改善措施研究  

Study on ameliorating measures for lactose intolerance to milk

作　　者：乔蓉[1] 黄承钰[1] 杜辉章 李凌[1] 叶盛[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室,成都610041 [2]四川省盐亭县肿瘤医院

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2007年第1期17-20,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30271126)

摘　　要：目的寻找膳食改善牛奶不耐受的措施。方法采用氢呼气试验从38名受试者中筛选出8名有水样状腹泻的乳糖不耐受者,参加用正交实验设计的不同食物与25 g 奶粉搭配的饮奶试验;采用随机整群抽样方法选取健康大学生100名参加以不同方式摄入25 g 奶粉的饮奶试验,观察饮奶试验后出现的不耐受症状。结果受试者饮牛奶,同时摄入鸡蛋、馒头、锅魁、面包后氢呼气浓度比单独饮用牛奶均有降低(均小于1.786 mg/m^3);正交直观分析、方差分析均表明:鸡货与牛奶混食者粪便乳糖和症状评分比馒头与牛奶混食者低,差异有统计学意义。全麦面包与牛奶混食者症状评分最高;不同饮奶方式引起不耐受症状的发生率不同,早餐空腹饮牛奶者不耐受发生率27.6%(27/98),午餐或晚餐饮牛奶者13.7%(13/98),两者的差异有统计学意义。结论食物种类和不同饮奶方式对牛奶不耐受症状有明显影响,建议不要空腹饮奶,而在正餐饮牛奶,并注意与高蛋白膳食、固体食物搭配,不要与含膳食纤维高的食品(如全麦面包)一起食用。Objective To find out the diet measurements for alleviating symptoms of lactose intolerance when people had had a drink of milk. Methods Eight lactose intolerance （LI） subjects suffering from watery diarrhea were selected from 38 subjects by using hydrogen breath test （HBT） joined the test of drinking cow＇ s milk along with various other foods designed by orthogonal trial. The 100 healthy college students were selected to observe symptoms after they ingested 25 g milk powder in different manners. Results The breath-hydrogen concentration in groups with ingesting milk and various other foods was lower than those with ingesting milk only. Egg was better than mantou in alleviating symptoms. （ F vaule of stool lactose and symptom score were 7. 5,9. 0, respectively, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Whole wheat bread might aggravate flatus. The prevalence of the symptom in 100 college students by drinking milk in fasting state （27/98） was significant in comparing with those drinking milk in regular meal （13/98）, x^2 = 6. 156, P 〈 0. 05. Conclusion The study demonstrated that different kinds of food,and different milk drinking manners should affect the intolerance symptoms. We suggested： should not drink milk in fasting state, and drinking milk together with egg and staple food such as steamed bread, bread or gomuti should be the best choice for breakfast. Drinking milk with regular manner might alleviate the symptoms of intolerance. For avoiding lactose intolerance, whole wheat bread should not be taken along with milk.

关 键 词：乳糖不耐 乳糖耐量试验 膳食 正交试验 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]