整体制动盘热应力有限元仿真分析  

Simulation Analysis on Thermal Stress of Global Braking Disc by Finite Element Method

作　　者：刘金朝[1] 卜华娜[2] 刘敬辉[1] 钱立新[1] 王成国[1] 

机构地区：[1]铁道科学研究院铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [2]铁道科学研究院机车车辆研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2007年第2期80-84,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道科学研究院机车车辆所项目(0350JL0607)

摘　　要：利用ABAQUS软件,对三筋板、四筋板和散热柱3类结构的合金铸铁、球墨铸铁、蠕墨铸铁材料制成的整体制动盘进行了温度场和热应力场分析。研究制动初速度为220 km.h-1时紧急制动情况下整体制动盘的热力学特性。对数值仿真结果的分析表明:当选用相同的材料时,四筋板制动盘的盘面最高温度比三筋板制动盘和散热柱制动盘的要低,四筋板制动盘结构优于三筋板制动盘;合金铸铁制动盘的最大热应力接近极限强度应力,而球墨铸铁制动盘和蠕墨铸铁制动盘的余量较大;与散热柱制动盘相比,四筋板制动盘的最大Mises应力及其应力梯度稍大,但不明显;当1个车轴安装2个制动盘时,制动过程中盘面的最高温度达到308℃,远大于1个车轴安装3个制动盘时的220℃;最大Mises应力大于280 MPa,超过了合金铸铁制动盘的允许应力(235 MPa)。建议准高速客车每轴安装3个制动盘。ABAQUS software is used to simulate the temperature field and the thermal stress of the global braking disc of three different structures （three radiation flakes, four radiation flakes, radiation pole） and three different materials （alloy cast iron, vermicular graphite cast iron, nodular cast iron）. It aims to analyze the thermodynamics characteristics of the global braking disc in the case of emergency braking with the initial velocity of 220 km · h^-1. Simulation results show that the highest temperature of the surface of the four radiation flakes disc is less than those of the three radiation flakes disc and the radiation pole disc with the same material, and the four radiation flakes disc is superior to the three radiation flakes disc. The maximum Mises stress of the alloy cast iron disc is close to the stress of the strength limit, but the maximum Mises stress of the other two materials are much less than their corresponding strength limit stress. Furthermore, the maximum Mises stress and the stress gradient of the four radiation flakes disc are a little more than those of the radiation pole disc. In the case of two discs per axle the highest temperature of the disc surface during braking process approaches 308 ℃, which is far more than 202℃ of the case of 3 discs per axle, and the maximum Mises stress is more than 208 MPa, which exceeds the permissive stress 235 MPa of alloy cast iron. The scheme of three discs per axle is recommended for quasi-high speed passenger car.

关 键 词：整体制动盘 温度场 热应力 准高速客车 

分 类 号：U260.351[机械工程—车辆工程]