对线对小腿截肢患者残侧下肢生物力学特性的影响  

Effect of prosthetic alignment on the biomechanics of the lower extremity for trans-tibial amputees

作　　者：李小兵[1] 贾晓红[1] 王人成[1] 金德闻[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第5期644-646,共3页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50305013)

摘　　要：为定量研究假肢对线对小腿截肢患者行走过程中残侧下肢生物力学特性的综合影响,建立了考虑对线设置的三维刚体动力学模型,并结合步态实验,得到膝关节力矩、步态时相对称性和残端界面压力等参数。结果表明:异常对线主要影响残侧膝关节力矩和步态时相对称性,对残端压力影响较小;腿管近端适配器的调整在对线设置中的作用较远端适配器明显;由于患者的自身调节作用,假肢正常对线要实现患者下肢生物力学性能的总体最优而非单项最优。A dynamic three-dimensional rigid-body model was developed to study the quantitative effects of prosthetic alignment on the biomechanical properties of the lower extremity for trans-tibial amputees during walking. The gait of one trans-tibial amputee was studied to determine the knee joint moments on the amputated side, the gait phase symmetry and the normal pressure on the residual limb. The results show that misalignment leads to significant differences in knee joint moment and phase symmetry, but has little effect on the interface pressure. The alignment angle of the adapter at the proximal end of the shank more strongly affects the biomechanics of the lower extremity than the distal adapter. Thus, while the amputee can compensate for misalignments, the goal of prosthetic alignment should be the whole optimization of several gait parameters.

关 键 词：生物力学特性 小腿假肢 对线 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]