幼儿反事实推理的发展特点及影响因素  

The Development of Young Children's Counterfactual Reasoning and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：陈英和[1] 肖兴荣[1] 王晶[1] 张澜[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学实验幼儿园,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2007年第4期774-777,773,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：全国教育科学规划国家重点项目(ABA050001);教育部人文社会科学重点学科基地项目(02JAZJDXLX002);北京市哲学社会科学规划项目资助(06BaJY010)

摘　　要：本研究以北京某幼儿园94名幼儿为被试,采用图片故事法和口语报告相结合的方式,考查了幼儿反事实推理能力的发展特点及影响因素。结果表明:⑴4、5岁幼儿的表现明显好于3岁幼儿,但是4、5岁幼儿之间没有明显差异;⑵问题形式和因果链对反事实推理的影响上具有交互作用;⑶领域知识在各年龄阶段上对反事实推理的影响存在差异。This study was conducted to explore the development of counterfactual reasoning of young children aged among 3-5 and its influencing factors. Verbal protocol and story-telling were used to test 94 participants from a preschool in Beijing. The results showed： （1） 4-5-year-old children performed better than 3-years-olds, but there is no significance among 4-5-year-olds. （2） Causal chains and question forms had interactive effects on counterfactual reasoning. （3） Domain knowledge had indirect effects on young children＇ s counterfactual reasoning at different ages.

关 键 词：反事实推理 因果链 领域知讶 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]