要点表征与字词表征在错误再认中的作用  

The Effects of Gist Representations and Verbatim Representations on False Recognition

作　　者：刘希平[1] 李永梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学教育学院,天津300387

出　　处：《心理科学》2007年第5期1091-1094,1072,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30570613);天津师范大学中青年骨干教师学术创新推进计划(52WN02)的资助

摘　　要：关键诱词是指在学习中没有出现的、跟所学单词有一定关联的词。学习者对关键诱词提取时错误再认率(即虚报率)较高,这被称之为错误再认现象。有人认为是要点表征导致了错误记忆,但也有人认为记忆中是字词表征起主要作用。本研究针对要点表征和字词表征对中学生英语单词学习中错误再认的影响进行了2×7的混合设计,分别考查了分类分组呈现单词和随机呈现单词对中学生英语单词再认的影响,同时考查了关键诱词的虚报率与学习次数的关系。发现:(1)学习分类分组呈现单词的被试,对关键诱词的虚报率明显高于学习随机呈现单词的被试,说明要点表征在错误再认中起着重要作用;(2)对关键诱词的虚报率与学习次数之间呈现倒V型的关系,说明在学习初始阶段,要点表征在错误再认中起主要作用;但在学习的后期,字词表征在再认中的作用占据了主要地位。The lure refers to a word which is new but related to words already learnt. Learners tend to be confident in thinking that they have learnt the lures rather than words never learnt before, which is called false recognition. Some researchers hold gist representations are the cause of the phenomenon, while others argue verbatim representations are responsible for it. The current study adopted a 2 × 7 mixed design and tried to find the effect of gist representations and verbatim representations on false recognition. The results are as follows： （1） subjects who had learnt to classify words shown by group had greater false recognition than subjects who had learnt to handle words shown at random, which indicated that gist representation played an important role in false memory; （2） the rates of recognition of lures grew at the beginning of learning, but they became smaller at the end of learning, which showed that gist representations were very important at the beginning of learning, but at the end of verbatim representations learning.

关 键 词：关键诱词 要点表征 字词表征 错误再认 

分 类 号：B841[哲学宗教—基础心理学]