利用叶绿素计进行冬小麦变量施肥及其效应研究  

Study on chlorophyll meter-based variable rate fertilizer application and influence on winter wheat

作　　者：蒋阿宁[1] 黄文江[1] 刘克礼[2] 王纪华 赵春江[1] 刘良云[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2007年第6期1092-1097,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40471093;40571118);北京市自然科学基金(4052014;6062019);国家"973"项目(2005CB121103);农业部"引进国际先进农业科学技术"专项基金项目(2006-G63)资助

摘　　要：为实现冬小麦优质高产的目标,利用叶绿素计测定拔节期倒一叶和倒二叶的SPAD值代替实验室土壤养分测定,进行变量施肥。试验选用能反映植株氮素时空分布规律的归一化SPAD值和变量施肥模型进行变量施肥管理(变量区),以相邻地块常规非变量(均一)施肥区(对照区)为对照,研究了不同氮肥处理冬小麦植株氮素营养的空间分布特性及其变量施肥效应。对不同生育时期变量施肥处理和对照处理的倒一叶与倒二叶SPAD值进行比较,结果表明,变量施肥能满足冬小麦一生对氮素的需要,并延缓植株的衰老;变量施肥提高了冬小麦的产量及子粒蛋白质含量。应用地统计学软件(ArcGIS 10.0)进行了空间差值分析,结果表明,变量施肥其产量和蛋白质含量的空间变异均较对照区有所降低。The aim of this study was to develop a time-specific and time-critical method to overcome the limitations of traditional field sampling methods for variable rate fertilization. Farmers, agricultural managers and grain processing enterprises are interested in measuring and assessing soil and crop status in order to apply optimum amount of fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted during 2005-2006 at the Xiaotangshan Precision Agriculture Experimental Base, Changping District, Beijing （40°18′29″ N to 40°18′32″ N, 116°44′02″ E to 116°44′22″ E）. SPAD readings of winter wheat in the variable-rate plots were measured at Feek 5 growth stage in 2005, in order to decide the additional N rate to apply. The uniform rate fertilizer management was chosen as the CK. The SPAD readings of the first and second fully expanded leaf collected at different growth stages were compared between variable-rate treatment and CK, and the results showed that variable rate treatment could provide adequate nitrogen for winter wheat. The grain yield and protein content were measured among the CK and variable rate fertilizer treatments. Geostatistical analysis （ArcGIS10.0） was carried out to examine within-field spatial variability and the contour maps of yield and grain content. It indicated that variable rate treatments reduced the spatial variability of wheat yield and grain protein content.

关 键 词：冬小麦 变量施肥 SPAD读数 产量 蛋白质含量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]