语文学习困难儿童的短时记忆、工作记忆和加工速度  

Short-term Memory,Working Memory and Processing Speed in Children with Chinese Learning Disabilities

作　　者：王恩国[1] 沈德立[1] 吕勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院

出　　处：《心理科学》2008年第1期5-10,15,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地05JJDXLX003003重大项目;天津市科技发展规划05YFGDGX10200项目资助

摘　　要：短时记忆、工作记忆和加工速度反映了不同的认知加工。采用多因素混合实验设计,在严格控制条件下,比较了语文学习困难和控制组儿童的工作记忆、短时记忆和加工速度的差异。结果发现,与控制组相比,语文学习困难儿童在工作记忆、短时记忆和加工速度方面均存在明显的不足,但短时记忆和加工速度不能解释不同能力组之间的差异,语文学习困难儿童的缺陷在于工作记忆能力的下降。工作记忆的缺陷在于言语工作记忆的不足,与视空间工作记忆能力无关,语文学习困难与特定的工作记忆(言语工作记忆)能力的不足有关。工作记忆缺陷的原因在于存储能力的不足,而不是加工效率的缺陷造成的。With the classic working memory, short-term memory and processing speed task as the material, a multi-factor mix experiment was design. Under a strict control condition, children with Chinese learning disabilities were compared with the control group in terms of working memory, short-term memory and processing speed difference. The results were that compared with the control group, the Chinese learning disabilities group had obvious insufficiency, in working memory, short-term memory and processing speed, but the short-term memory and the processing speed failed to explain the diference between groups of different abilities. The deficiency of children with Chinese learning disabilities lay in the decline of working memory ability. The deficiency of working memory lay in the inadaquacy of verbal working memory, and had nothing to do with spatial working memory ability. Chinese learning disabilities had a bearing on the insufficiency of specific working memory （verbal working memory） ability. Working memory deficiency lay in the inadequacy of memory capacity rather than the deficiency of processing efficiency.

关 键 词：工作记忆 短时记忆 加工速度 语文学习困难 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学] G442[哲学宗教—心理学]