水电大坝扰动与栖息地质量变化——以漫湾电站为例  

Quality evaluation of habitats disturbed by the Manwan Hydropower Dam

作　　者：崔保山[1] 翟红娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2008年第2期227-234,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(No2003CB415104)~~

摘　　要：分析了水电大坝建设对栖息地影响的原理和时空特征,在此基础上选取了水电大坝对栖息地影响的主要指标,建立了大坝对上游库区和坝下栖息地影响的评价指标体系.并以云南省澜沧江干流上的漫湾电站为例,通过对漫湾电站建坝前后各个栖息地指标变化率的分析和集成,探讨了漫湾电站的建设和运营对库区和坝下栖息地的影响,并确定了影响强度.研究结果表明,漫湾大坝对上游栖息地的影响强度值为0.53,对下游栖息地的影响强度值为0.37,即短期时间内,对上游库区栖息地的影响大于对坝下栖息地的影响;对上游栖息地影响最大的是栖息地连续性(1.00)和栖息地面积(0.58);对下游栖息地影响最大的是栖息地连续性(0.68)和稳定性(0.65).The interactions between a hydropower station and local habitats and （interactive） processes were analyzed over both, spatial and temporal scales. A comprehensive measurement indicator system was seleeted based on the above analysis to assess the effects of the Manwan dana on the regional habitat quality. The rates of change R_i of the indicators before and after the operation of the Manwan dana were calculated to assess the effect intensity. Compensation factors U_i were given to each factor ior more accurate assessment. The results show that the construction and operation of the Manwan dana has effects both on upstream habitat and downstream habitat. The relative effect value of the Manwan dana on upstream habitat is 0.53 and on downstream habitat is 0.37. Thus, over a short period, the effect of the Manwan dana on upstream habitat is more severe than on downstream habitat. So, more attention must be paid to the effects of dams on habitat quality and effective measures must be taken to protect the environment in the construction process and to restore the ecosystem after construction.

关 键 词：大坝 漫湾电站 栖息地 上游库区 下游河道 纵向岭谷区 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]