外向型易混淆词辨析词典的编纂原则与体例设想  

Compiling Principles and Style Designing of Export-oriented Dictionaries of Confusable Words

作　　者：张博[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《汉语学习》2008年第1期85-92,共8页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2002-2003年度重大项目(项目批准号:02JAZJD740006)资助

摘　　要：对外汉语教学界对学习者易混淆词的辨析基本上是在近义词的框架下进行的,缺乏量化调查和认定标准,也缺乏对学习群体的针对性。本文初步提出编纂外向型易混淆词辨析词典的几个基本原则:(1)面向单一母语背景的汉语学习者;(2)兼顾频率、分布和常用度选收词语;(3)兼收与词混淆的词组和语素;(4)以词义和搭配关系为辨析重心;(5)行文采用学习者的母语;(6)适当控制语例所用词语和句子结构的难度。在体例设计上,应注意针对混淆点进行辨析,将词义辨析与搭配规则的提炼结合起来,优先讲解和列举当用词,避免强化错误,适当分析致误原因。In the field of teaching Chinese as a second language, word-discrimination among confusable words is put basically within the range of near-synonymies, which lacks of quantification and standards as well as pertinence. We put forward several principles in compiling an export-oriented dictionaries of confusable words as follows： （1）aiming at learners with so- lo native language background, （2）considering occurrence rate, frequency and distribution, （3）including phrases and morphemes which are easily confused with words, （4）taking meaning and collocation as the important part of discrimination, （5）using learners＇ native language in explanation, （6） controlling the difficulty of words and sentence structures in examples. In designing the dictionary style, the most confusable part should be paid more attention and discrimination and rules of collocation should be combined. Moreover, to avoid strengthening mistakes, the proper words should be explained preferentially and causes of mistakes can be analyzed.

关 键 词：易混淆词 词语辨析 辨析词典 

分 类 号：H195.1[语言文字—汉语]