从哲学到批判的社会理论——对马克思理论的后哲学解读  

From Philosophy to Social Theory of Critique——Post-Philosophical Interpretation of Marx's Theory

作　　者：汪行福[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学当代国外马克思主义研究中心,哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2008年第1期22-27,共6页Philosophical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题"西方马克思主义的社会总体性理论及其最新发展研究"(编号05JJD710126);上海市社科规划项目"哈贝马斯之后:社会批判理论的当代转型与发展"(编号2007BZX007)资助

摘　　要：Since Karl Korsch’s "Marxism and philosophy" came out,the question of relationship between Marxism and philosophy has been a hot issue.There are two representative views for this issue.One thinks that Marxism is mainly an experiential theory of history,a neutral,objective and functional explication to human history and modern social structure.Another insists that Marxism is a philosophy essentially,and a cultural and political criticism of social alienation and the reification in social life and culture.Both of the directions are reasonable to some extent,otherwise are one-sided.As McClellan noted,by effectively integrating history,philosophy,sociology and economics,Marx’s social theory has made greatest achievement in the history of human thoughts in 19th century.If we view in terms of this position,Marx’s contribution to our age is not that he set up a new philosophy in ordinary sense or he put forward a special doctrine in any social science,but that he was the first man who consciously succeeded in overcoming antagonism between philosophy and science,opened up a new practice of philosophy,namely integrating all scientific knowledge to form a unified social critical theory from normative perspective of human self-creation and liberation.As a critical social theorist,Marx has made most influential criticism and diagnosis of modern society and capitalism based on the norms of modernity and ideal of human emancipation.The new way of which takes Marxism as the critical theory of modern society has its own merits,by the way we not only can go beyond the so-called dualistic constellation between ’scientific Marxism’ and ’Critique of Marxism’,but also would be beneficial to well grasp the intrinsic unity and its contemporary significance of Marx’s thought.Since Karl Korsch's 'Marxism and philosophy' came out,the question of relationship between Marxism and philosophy has been a hot issue.There are two representative views for this issue.One thinks that Marxism is mainly an experiential theory of history,a neutral,objective and functional explication to human history and modern social structure.Another insists that Marxism is a philosophy essentially,and a cultural and political criticism of social alienation and the reification in social life and culture.Both of the directions are reasonable to some extent,otherwise are one-sided.As McClellan noted,by effectively integrating history,philosophy,sociology and economics,Marx's social theory has made greatest achievement in the history of human thoughts in 19th century.If we view in terms of this position,Marx's contribution to our age is not that he set up a new philosophy in ordinary sense or he put forward a special doctrine in any social science,but that he was the first man who consciously succeeded in overcoming antagonism between philosophy and science,opened up a new practice of philosophy,namely integrating all scientific knowledge to form a unified social critical theory from normative perspective of human self-creation and liberation.As a critical social theorist,Marx has made most influential criticism and diagnosis of modern society and capitalism based on the norms of modernity and ideal of human emancipation.The new way of which takes Marxism as the critical theory of modern society has its own merits,by the way we not only can go beyond the so-called dualistic constellation between 'scientific Marxism' and 'Critique of Marxism',but also would be beneficial to well grasp the intrinsic unity and its contemporary significance of Marx's thought.

关 键 词：哲学解读 文化批判 马克思理论 社会理论 马克思主义 结构功能分析 实证科学 自我理解 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学] I207.42[文学—中国文学]