外来词翻译与汉语词义的扩大  

On Translation of Loanwords and the Broadening of Chinese Lexical Meaning

作　　者：胡开宝[1] 王彬[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学翻译与词典学研究中心,上海200240 [2]上海音乐学院附属中等专业学校,上海200030

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2008年第1期70-74,共5页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以来,大量源自于英语的外来词进入汉语体系,并导致许多汉语词汇意义的扩大。首先,谐音取义方法在外来词引进中的应用必然会导致那些语音、语调相近且语义相关的汉语词汇产生新义。其次,直译法的运用常常形成不合逻辑的义位组合和全新的义位组合。由于义位之间的相互作用,某些词汇的义素脱落,隐性义素凸现为显性义素,并产生新义。最后,人们常常根据英语词汇的字面意义翻译,这常常导致许多汉语词汇同时对应于英语词汇的中心义和边缘义,或者旧义和新义,词义因而扩大。A great number of words have been introduced to the Chinese language from English since the 1990s, and they have exerted a profound influence on the lexical meaning of the Chinese language. First, the use of transliteration in introducing loanwords is likely to bring about the development of new meanings of the Chinese words, which are phonetically similar to and semantically related to their English equivalents. Second, the use of literal translation often results in illogical or brand-new combinations of sememes. Due to the interactions between sememes, a certain semantic feature of some sememes is lost in the former case, and some hidden semantic feature becomes prominent in the latter case. As a result, new lexical meanings develop. Finally, because of the application of literal translation, many Chinese words are correspondent to the central and marginal meanings, or the old and new meanings of English words, which more often than not induces the broadening of the lexical meanings of the Chinese words.

关 键 词：外来词 翻译 词义 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]