汽车碰撞弹塑性散落物的运动学特性  

Kinematic characteristic of elastic-plastic debris behavior in vehicle collision

作　　者：许洪国[1] 都雪静[1] 许言[1] 唐多名[1] 范艳辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学交通学院,长春130022

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2008年第2期263-267,共5页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50475008)

摘　　要：为研究汽车碰撞散落物的行为力学特性,建立了汽车碰撞弹塑性散落物运动特性的仿真模型,模拟了四种条件下(散落高度一定时速度不同、散落速度一定时散落高度不同、散落高度与散落初速度一定时散落初始角度不同和散落初速度及散落角度一定时形状不同)弹塑性散落物的运动特性,进而分析了汽车碰撞弹塑性散落物的散落距离与散落速度、散落角度、散落高度及散落物形状之间的关系。结果表明:在散落体质量和体积相同的条件下,形状及散落初始角度对散落物距离影响较大,形状迎风面积是影响其运动持续时间、触地后翻滚和滑动的主要因素。散落物的散落角度在-65°≤α≤45°范围内的运动轨迹符合外弹道学理论,而在-90°≤α≤-65°及45°≤α≤90°发生回弹现象,偏离外弹道学理论轨迹。A simulation model was established to analyze the kinematic characteristic of the elasticplastic debris in the vehicle collision under following 4 different initial conditions： 1）the same falling height and the different initial velocities; 2） the same falling velocity and the different falling heights; 3） the same failing height and initial velocity and the different thrown angles; 4） the same initial velocity and thrown angle and the different debris shapes. The relationships between the debris thrown distance and the initial velocity, the thrown angle, the falling height, as well as the debris shape were simulated by the established model. The results show that under condition of the same air drag, road friction as well as debris mass and volume, the shape and the initial angle of the falling debris have the large effect on the thrown distance, and the area of debris windward side is the key factor to determine the moving time duration and the rolling and skidding behaviors of the debris on the road. When the debris initial angle is from -65° to 45°, its trajectory accords with the theory of the outer ballistics, however, when the initial angle is from -90°to -65°or from 45°to 90°, the debris will rebound, diverging from the outer ballistics theory.

关 键 词：车辆工程 汽车碰撞 弹塑性散落物 运动特性 仿真 

分 类 号：U491.3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]