德育基础:学生道德需要的培养与激发  

Foundation of Moral Education:Arousing and Developing Students' Moral Needs

作　　者：张忠华[1] 姜黎红[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学教师教育学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2008年第2期69-73,共5页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：江苏省教育科学"十一五"规划课题(D/2006/01/154);江苏大学基金课题(06JDG018)

摘　　要：以德育为核心、以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为重点,是当代基础教育改革推进素质教育的重要目标。然而,在现实的道德教育过程中,无论在理论上还是在实践上都存在一些误区,如把道德教育看成是对学生行为规范的训练,过分推崇"灌输"教育方式,忽视学生的道德需要,结果导致德育收效甚微。道德心理学研究证明,需要是人的积极性的源泉,是产生动机的最根本的心理基础,提高德育实效就要从激发学生的道德需要出发。激发学生的道德需要要以人为本,创设丰富多彩的贴近学生实际生活的道德教育活动场景,激发学生的道德内驱力,进而使学生产生道德诱因;通过讨论、对话等方式,提高学生的道德判断力,使学生主动选择、积极建构道德行为,进而达到提高德育实效的目的。Quality-oriented education can be promoted by cultivating students＇ innovative spirit and practical ability in moral education. However, there are some mistaken ideas in this field both in theory and in practice. Moral education is only regarded as the way of disciplining students in their moral conduct, so it relies too much on moral instillation and students＇ moral needs are often neglected. As a result, not much has been achieved in moral education. Studies in moral psychology have proved that need is the source of one＇ s initiative and the psychological basis for motivation. So in order to improve the effectiveness of moral education, students＇ moral needs should be taken as the starting point. Besides, the moral motivation should be aroused in a human-oriented way： by creating rich and real-life situations for moral education, thereby leading students to moral conduct, by holding discussion and making candid talks to improve their ability to make moral judgment, thus making them command their conduct morally.

关 键 词：德育 德育基础 道德需要 内驱力 诱因 

分 类 号：G410[文化科学—教育学]