集装箱平车垂向振动问题及减振对策  

CONTAINER FLAT WAGON'S VERTICAL VIBRATION PROBLEM AND ITS VIBRATION-REDUCING STRATEGY

作　　者：朴明伟[1] 王婷[1] 兆文忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机械工程学院,大连116028

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2008年第4期117-121,共5页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家863高科技资助项目:复杂产品协同设计;仿真;优化一体化平台研究开发及其应用(2006AA04Z160)

摘　　要：为了解决集装箱平车垂向加速度偏大问题,从变摩擦悬挂特性出发提出了一个降低动态相对摩擦因子的减振对策。根据斜楔受力分析建立具有三维非线性的摇枕悬挂,由交叉支撑式三大件转向架和三箱重载柔性车体构成刚柔耦合整车模型。三角坑和轨道路谱激励的摩擦减振仿真对比表明:降低斜楔摩擦系数可以避免重载车况斜楔"卡滞"使摇枕相对运动顺畅,减少车体产生高阶弹性振动的可能性;一旦车体因轨道扭曲不平顺而产生侧扭模态振动,低摩擦摇枕悬挂也将有助于这一模态振动的能量释放,减小车体二阶垂向弯曲模态和高阶模态振动。由于高分子材料组合斜楔具有极好的摩擦稳定性,这一斜楔摩擦动态优化新理念可以进一步提高摇枕悬挂对轨道不平顺的适应性。In order to solve the problem of container flat wagon's vertical vibration acceleration being bigger,a strategy to decrease the dynamical relative friction factor is proposed based on features of variant-friction suspension.According to the wedge's interaction analysis,the bolster-suspension is modeled with 3D-nonlinearity,the rigid-flex-coupling model for the whole vehicle is composed of a 3-piece bogie with cross-braced rod and a 3-container laden flexible carbody.The simulation contrast analysis of hysteretic damping effect under irregular excitations,such as,dips and PSD of tracks show that decreasing the wedge's friction coefficient can avoid the wedge to be jammed under laden condition and make the bolster relative-motion smooth,and reduce the possibility of higher-order elastic vibration of the carbody;if the carbody's torsion modal vibration is caused by the track torsion irregularity,the low-friction bolster-suspension can also be helpful to release the energy of this modal vibration,and decrease the carbody's 2nd-order vertical bending modal vibration and the other higher-order modal vibration.Due to excellent friction stability of a combined wedge of high polymer materials,this new idea of dynamical optimization of wedge's friction may further improve the adaptability of bolster-suspension to track irregularity.

关 键 词：集装箱平车 垂向振动 三大件转向架 刚柔耦合 变摩擦悬挂 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程] U272.6[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]