编码深度和提取方向对儿童再认的影响  

Depth of Encoding and Retrieval Orientation Effect on Children's Recognition

作　　者：刘彤冉[1] 施建农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2008年第3期240-242,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30670716);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KSCXZ-SW-221);北京市重点实验室-首都师范大学《学习与认知实验室》经费资助支持

摘　　要：目的:探讨记忆的不同编码深度和提取方向对儿童再认的影响。方法:本研究采用2×2的实验设计,研究不同编码深度(深编码和浅编码)和不同提取方向(直接提取任务和间接提取任务)在儿童再认过程的新旧效应。结果:儿童正确地把新项目判断为"新项目"的正确率要显著地高于把旧项目判断为"旧项目"的正确率;对于新项目的再认,在深编码条件时对新项目的反应时显著地短于浅编码条件;对于新项目的再认,直接提取的反应时显著地长于间接提取的反应时。结论:儿童的再认加工只在正确率方面存在显著的"新旧效应",而且编码深度和提取方向均是影响儿童再认成功与否的重要因素。Objective： To investigate how do depth of encoding and retrieval orientation affect children＇s recognition. Methods： Using 2×2 experimental design to study depth of encoding （deep encoding and shallow encoding） and retrieval orientation （direct task and indirect task）＇s effect on children old/new recognition effect. Results： Old/new effect was marginal in children recognition processing, and children had much more accuracy in their responses to the new items. Analyzing new items only, deep encoding condition had much less reaction time than that in shallow encoding condition, and direct retrieval task need much longer reaction time than that in the indirect retrieval task. Conclusion： It existed old/new effect in children recognition processing, and both depth of encoding and retrieval orientation could affect children recognition success.

关 键 词：再认 编码深度 提取方向 认知发展 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]