清末民初“乌托邦”文学综论  

A Review of "Utopian" Literature in the Late Qing and Early Republican Period

作　　者：耿传明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院教授,天津300071

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2008年第4期176-190,共15页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“现代中国乌托邦小说研究”的阶段性成果,编号07BZW052

摘　　要：近现代中国"乌托邦"文学的兴盛期,是从1900年"庚子之变"后开始,到民国初年1919年五四运动之后告一段落。它的出现不只是与近代中国所遭遇的巨大挫折有关,更是出于中国人走出传统而寻找人类文明"新大陆"的渴望。"乌托邦"以其内容的性质及其与现实的关系,可分为远景式、中景式和近景式三种类型。"乌托邦"及泛化的"乌托邦"精神、心态改变了中国文学的固有基因,使得文学史上以遗传性占主导地位的文学,转换成以变异性占主导地位的文学,文学从语言到内容和形式都发生了彻底的改观,而在这种变化的背后则是现代人的知识、情感、意志的全面解放和成长。The palmy days of 'utopian' literature in modern China lasted from after the Eight-Nation Alliance invasion of China in 1900 to the May Fourth Movement in 1919 in the early Republican period. It emerged not only as a response to the severe setbacks encountered by China in modern times, but also, to an even greater extent, out of the desire of the Chinese to pass beyond tradition and search for a 'new continent' of human civilization. Depending on the nature of their content and their relationship with reality, three kinds of 'utopia' can be discerned, namely, utopias with a close-up, middle or distant vision. 'Utopia' and the diffusion of a 'utopian' spirit and way of thinking have changed the innate gene of Chinese literature. As a result, a literary history that had been dominated by heredity became one dominated by variation. From language to form and content, Chinese literature underwent great changes. Underlying these changes was the total liberation and growth of the knowledge, feelings and will of people today.

关 键 词：清末民初 乌托邦文学 新文明 第三种现实 文学政治 

分 类 号：I206.5[文学—中国文学]