酶制剂体外酶解豆粕中抗营养因子的研究  

Enzymes Hydrolyzing in Vitro Anti-Nutritional Factors in Soybean Meal

作　　者：陈乃松[1] 杨志刚[1] 崔惟东[1] 周洁[1] 马建忠[1] 王战付[1] 郑剑伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海水产大学生命科学与技术学院,上海200090

出　　处：《大豆科学》2008年第4期663-668,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：上海市教委资助项目(科-05227);上海市农委攻关资助项目(攻-0664)

摘　　要：为了评价几种单一酶、复合酶以及钙离子对豆粕中的相关抗营养因子的水解效果，进行了体外酶解试验。共有4种单一酶制剂（植酸酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶）和3种复合酶制剂被采用，其中复合酶SB由α-半乳糖苷酶和木聚糖酶组成，复合酶C3由植酸酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶组成，复合酶C5由植酸酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和α-半乳糖苷酶组成。预试验显示上述酶有基本相似的最适水解反应参数：水分50％、pH4．8-5．0、温度50℃和时间45min。在此参数下，添加10．5U g^-1豆粕的植酸酶，豆粕中植酸的降解率达到69．63％；添加果胶酶16U·g^-1豆粕，豆粕中果胶的降解率达到45．93％；添加纤维素酶50U·g^-1豆粕，纤维素降解率达到66．21％；分别添加木聚糖酶80U·g^-1豆粕和α-半乳糖苷酶0．7U·g^-1豆粕，豆粕中还原糖的释放量增加率分别达到84．77％和65．19％。在豆粕中添加0．2％CaCl2，植酸的降解率与对照组相比微增至71．09％，还原糖的释放量分别增加到88．68％和65．23％。但果胶和纤维素的降解率分别显著地增加到90．01％和70．43％。研究发现复合酶C3和C5对相关的抗营养因子均呈现出不同程度的协同效应。说明使用复合酶制剂并适量添加CaCl2，体外水解豆粕中的相关抗营养因子是可行的。In vitro experiments with several enzyme preparations were conducted to evaluate the effects of several kinds of single enzyme and compound enzyme and Ca^2＋ on hydrolyzation of relative anti-nutritional factors （ANFs） in soybean meal （ SBM ）. Four single enzymes （ ph）,tase, pectase, cellulase, xylanase） and three enzyme compounds （ SB including α- galactosidase and xylanase, C3 including ph）,tase, pectase and cellulase, C5 including phytase, pectase, cellulase, xylanase and SB ） were employed. A beforehand test showed that the suitable hydrolytical parameter for these enzymes was similarly 50% for moisture ,4.8-5.0 for pH ,50℃ for incubation temperature ,45 minutes for incubation time. With the parameter and addition of 10.5 U phytase in 1 g SBM,the degradation rate of phytate reached 69.63%. The degradation rates of pectin and cellulose were 45.93% and 66.21% with adding 16 U pectase and 40 U cellulase in 1 g SBM respectively, and with adding 80 U xylanase and 0. 7 U a- galactosidase in 1 g SBM, the release rates of reducing sugar increased to 84.77% and 65.19% respectively. With 0.2% CaCl2 supplementation in SBM, the degradation rate of phytate reached 71.09%, slightly higher than 69.63% for the control and the release rates of reducing sugar increased to 88.68% and 65.23% respectively,but the degradation rates of pectin and cellulose increased significantly to 90.01% and 70.43%. Synergistic effects on phytate, pectin and cellulose degradation as well as release of reducing sugars were observed when either C3 or C5 was used. This research indicated that multi-enzyme preparation with moderate CaCl2 supplementation was feasible to hydrolyze in vitro specific ANFs in SBM.

关 键 词：酶制剂 降解 豆粕 抗营养因子 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]