汉语负面排他标记的来源及其发展  

On the Origination and Development of Chinese Exclusive Markers

作　　者：胡敕瑞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871 [2]北京大学汉语语言学研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《语言科学》2008年第6期561-572,共12页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地北京大学汉语语言学研究中心2005年度项目"语言接触与汉译佛典语法比较研究---以梵汉对勘为基础"的一部分

摘　　要：文章由焦点分类引出汉语"唯独"、"除舍"两类排他标记,"唯独"是正面排他标记,"除舍"是负面排他标记;文中着重探讨了负面排他标记"除舍"的来源和发展,"除舍"表except的用法源于佛典翻译中的外借,而其表besides的用法是重新分析的结果;文章还探讨了"唯独"、"除舍"两类正负排他标记的相互联通;最后指出,"除舍"类排他标记的来源和发展,分别经历了语言接触的外借和重新分析,是语法化的一个典型案例。This article is divided into five parts. Firstly, we distinguish two types of Chinese exclusive markers as weidu （唯独,only） and chushe （除舍, except）. Secondly, we clarify there is no chushe exclusive marker in Ancient Chinese, and it is borrowed from Sanskrit through the Chinesetranslated Buddhist Scriptures in Middle Chinese. Thirdly, we notice that chushe exclusive marker can be used as an inclusive marker in Pre-Modern Chinese, and argue that it is expanded by the reanalysis of a kind of interrogative. Fourthly, we demonstrate that there is an affiliation between the type of weidu （only） marker and the type of chushe （except） marker. Finally, we identify the origin and the historical development of the chushe type markers through language contact and reanalysis which serves as a classical example of gramaticalization.

关 键 词：历史语法 排他标记 “唯独” “除舍” 语言接触 汉译佛典 语法化 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]