收获期对秋播糯玉米不同品种产量与淀粉糊化(RVA)特性的影响  

Yield and Starch Pasting Characteristics (RVA) of Autumn-Sown Waxy Maize Under Different Harvesting Dates

作　　者：陆大雷[1] 王德成[1] 赵久然[2] 王凤格[2] 陆卫平[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院,江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第12期4048-4054,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30270831);北京市自然科学基金项目(YZPT02-06)

摘　　要：【目的】根据收获期对糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响,确定不同糯玉米品种的适宜收获期。【方法】采用二因素裂区设计(8个品种为主区、4个收获期为副区),研究了不同品种籽粒产量、淀粉含量和RVA特征值在不同收获期(花后30、35、40和45 d)下的变化。【结果】随着收获期延迟,籽粒产量逐渐增加,增加速率以花后35～40 d最快,日增重达5.2%,花后40 d增加缓慢。淀粉含量先升后降,在花后35～40 d达到峰值,后期略有下降。收获期对糊化温度没有影响,而峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、终值黏度和峰值时间均随着收获期的延迟呈先升后降趋势,这几项指标在花后40 d最高,回复值此时最低。RVA谱特征值中,糊化温度和峰值时间受收获期的影响较小,而峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、终值黏度和回复值受收获期的影响较大。【结论】综合考虑产量、淀粉含量和RVA特征值在不同收获期间的变化趋势,可认为花后40 d收获在保证产量的同时有利于改良糯玉米淀粉的品质。【Objective】The optimum harvesting date of waxy maize（Zea mays L.Ceratina Kulesh） was determined by understanding the changing trend of grain yield and starch pasting properties under different harvesting dates.【Method】The changing trend of grain yield,starch content and starch pasting properties under different harvesting dates were identified in a split design with 8 varieties as main plot and 4 harvesting dates as subplots.【Result】The grain yield increased gradually when the harvesting date was postponed and the increasing rate was highest at 35-40 days after pollination（DAP）,which reached 5.2% per day,and the increasing rate was slow after 40 DAP.The starch content rose first and fell later and it reached a peak at 35-40 DAP.Pasting temperature was stable among different harvesting dates.Peak viscosity,trough viscosity,breakdown,final viscosity and peak time rose first and fell later with the postponed harvesting date,these five pasting characteristics reached a peak at 40 DAP,and setback was the lowest at this time.The effects of harvesting date on peak time and pasting temperature were lower,while those were larger on peak viscosity,trough viscosity,breakdown,final viscosity and setback.【Conclusion】Considering the changing trend of grain yield,starch content and RVA characteristics,40 DAP might be the optimum harvesting time as the grain yield was relative high,the starch content was the highest and the RVA characteristics was ideal at this time in this experiment.

关 键 词：糯玉米 收获期 产量 淀粉 RVA特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]