“知道”与“认为”句法差异的语义、语用解释  

A semantic and pragmatic account of the differences between syntactic characteristics of zhidao(知道) and renwei(认为)

作　　者：张家骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学,150080

出　　处：《当代语言学》2009年第3期244-251,共8页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2005年度重大项目(05JJD740181)资助

摘　　要："知道"和"认为"是表达认知模态的基本命题态度谓词。"知道"在词汇语义中不仅包含(a)‘认知状态主体在其意识中有命题P’,而且包含(b)‘P的所指在现实世界里是有的’,在语用层面上"知道"主要充当述位。"认为"只表示成分(a),不含成分(b),在句子中大多充当主位的成分。两个谓词在句子交际结构位置、从属命题表达手段和替代方式、疑问标记、与否定词的意义关系、修饰语类型以及能否构成对比主位疑问句等方面,有一系列对立表现,这些句法差异都可以从它们的语义、语用特征中求得解释。Zhidao and renwei are both basic predicates of propositional attitude,expressing the epistemic modality.In the semantic structure of zhidao the epistemic subject has the proposition P,and moreover,what P refers to exists in reality.Pragmatically speaking,zhidao plays a role of rheme in the communicative structure.Renwei has a similar semantic structure,but its P does not refer to something real in reality.Renwei usually occupies the theme position in the communicative structure.The differences between the two verbs have some serious effects on semantic negation,presupposition,interrogation,and so on.

关 键 词：预设 命题 叙实谓词 主位 述位 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]