分子氨和亚硝态氮对鳜鱼成鱼的急性毒性试验  

Acute Toxicity of Ammonia and Nitrite to Adult Siniperca chuatsi

作　　者：郭丰红[1] 汪之和[1] 陈必文[1] 朱孔辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306

出　　处：《食品科学》2009年第23期397-400,共4页Food Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD30B07)

摘　　要：活体运输过程中,水体中往往积累了较高浓度的分子氨和亚硝态氮。为了探讨分子氨和亚硝态氮在鳜鱼成鱼运输水体中的安全浓度,在水温为18～20℃,盐度为3‰～4‰,pH7.31～7.57,溶解氧(DO)8.2～8.5mg/L的条件下,采用常规的生物毒性试验方法,研究分子氨和亚硝态氮对鳜鱼成鱼(adult Siniperca chuatsi)毒性的影响。结果表明,分子氨对鳜鱼成鱼24、48、96h的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.389、0.295、0.193mg/L和安全浓度为0.0193mg/L;亚硝态氮对鳜鱼成鱼24、48、96h的半数致死浓度分别为196.32、91.69、75.4mg/L,安全浓度7.54mg/L。因此,水体中分子氨对鳜鱼成鱼的毒性作用非常明显,易造成鱼体的死亡,而鳜鱼成鱼对亚硝态氮的耐受性稍强。建议保活运输过程中要加强水体的监测,有效地控制水体中氨氮与亚硝态氮的浓度,以提高成活率。During keep-alive transportation of aquatic products, higher-level molecular ammonia and nitrite were often accumulated in water. In order to explore the safe concentration of molecular ammonia and nitrite in water for adult Siniperca chuatsi, an acute toxicity test was conducted to examine the effect of molecular ammonia and nitrite on adult Siniperca chuatsi under the environment of 18-20 ℃ for water temperature, 3‰-4‰ of salinity, pH 7.31-7.57, and 8.2-8.5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen （DO）. Results indicated that median lethal concentrations （LC50） of molecular ammonia were 0.389, 0.295 mg/L and 0.193 mg/L at the time point of 24, 48h and 96 h, respectively. Thus, the safe concentration of molecular ammonia in water for Siniperca chuatsi was 0.0193 mg/L. Similarly, median lethal concentration （LC50） of nitrite were determined to be 196.32, 91.69mg/L and 75.4 mg/L so that its safe concentration was 7.54 mg/L. Based on above investigations, molecular ammonia in water exhibited obvious toxicity to adult Siniperca chuatsi, and resulted in the death of fish although adult Siniperca chuatsi revealed resistance to nitrite toxicity to some extent. Therefore, quality monitoring of water to control the contents of ammonia, nitrogen and nitrite during keep-alive transportation of aquatic products is an effective strategy to improve the survival rate of fish.

关 键 词：分子氨 亚硝态氮 鳜鱼成鱼 毒性 半致死浓度 

分 类 号：TS254.7[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]