水葫芦不同部位主要营养成分和体外发酵特性的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Nutritional Ingredients and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics in Various Parts of Water Hyacinth

作　　者：柏美娟[1,2] 孔祥峰[1] 印遇龙[1] 黄瑞林[1] 张宇哲[1] 李飞务[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所动物营养代谢过程与生理调控重点试验室,农业生态工程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《天然产物研究与开发》2009年第B05期40-45,共6页Natural Product Research and Development

基　　金：基金项目：中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所青年人才领域前沿项目（ISACX-LYQY-QN-0703）;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目（KSCX2-Yw-N-022）;国家十一五支撑计划项目（2006BAD12B07-6,B02-5-2）

摘　　要：本研究分析了水葫芦不同部位的营养成分含量，并测定了其对猪回肠食糜的体外发酵特性和发酵产物组成的影响，为水葫芦在饲料中的应用提供理论依据。结果表明，水葫芦各部位营养成分的含量存在差异，其中初水分、粗灰分、铁和锌的含量以球中最高，粗蛋白、粗脂肪、铜和总氨基酸含量以叶片中最高，无氮浸出物和粗纤维含量以秆中最高；水葫芦3个部位的最大理论产气量和产气速率显著高于培养液对照组、显著低于葡萄糖对照组（P〈0．05），而发酵液pH值和NH3含量显著低于培养液对照组、显著高于葡萄糖对照组（P〈0．05），其中以叶片的发酵动力学参数最优；发酵液中乙酸、丙酸和异丁酸含量以及叶片和球中的丁酸含量均显著高于2个对照组（P〈0．05）。上述结果提示，水葫芦可作为饲料原料用于养猪生产。This study was conducted to analyze contents of nutrients in various parts of water hyacinth and determine their effects on in vitro fermentation characteristics and production compositions in fermentation broth in order to supply basic foundation for their applications as feedstuffs in domestic animals. Our results showed that the analyzed contents of routine nutrients were different among various parts of water hyacinth, in which the highest contents of primary moisture, crude ash, Fe and Zn were found in ball, the highest contents of crude protein, ether extract, Cu and total amino acid were contained in leaf blade, and the highest contents of nitrogenfree extract and crude fiber in stem. The maximum volumes and rates of gas production in water hyacinthsupplemented groups were higher（ P 〈 0.05） than free-supplemented group,while lower（P 〈 0.05 ） than glucose-supplemented group. The pH values and NH3 contents in fermentation broth supplemented with various parts of water hyacinth were lower（ P 〈 0.05 ） compared with free-supplemented group, but higher（ P 〈 0.05 ） compared with glucose-supplemented group. The fermentation kinetic parameters in leaf blade were better than the other 2 parts of water hyacinth. The water hyacinth increased （ P 〈 0.05 ） contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and isobutanoic acid in the 3 water hyacinth-supplemented groups, as well as contents of bntanoic acid in leaf and ball- supplemented groups, compared with the 2 control groups. Collectively, these findings suggested that the water hyacinth could be applied in swine production as feed stuff.

关 键 词：水葫芦 营养成分 发酵特性 

分 类 号：Q946.91[生物学—植物学] R285[医药卫生—中药学]