浅论淀粉的能源转化技术  

Shallowly discusses on energy yielding techniques of starch

作　　者：陈建慧[1] 刘钟栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮油食品学院,郑州450052

出　　处：《食品科技》2010年第5期152-155,共4页Food Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20672029/20811120358/30270762/29576263);国家863项目(2007AA100401);国际合作项目([1999]0251/[2001]0103/]2001]277)

摘　　要：能源危机是人类即将面临的巨大挑战,生物能源的开发利用已成为当今国际上的一大热点。生物质能源在整个能源系统中的地位仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气,一直以来都在人类的生活生产中扮演着及其重要的角色。生物能源的开发利用可以促进我国能源来源的多样性,减轻高油价对我国经济发展的负面影响。我国的淀粉类生物资源非常丰富,通过将淀粉转化为能源是开发利用生物资源的一种非常有效的方式。目前淀粉的主要能源转化方式是通过发酵来制取燃料乙醇,该工艺比较成熟,我国已经建了不少燃料乙醇工厂。对淀粉发酵制取氢气的研究主要停留在实验室研究阶段。浅述了淀粉制取乙醇和氢气的技术及其发展,分析了淀粉颗粒的燃烧特性及转化为电能的可能性。利用压电效应将粉尘的爆炸产生的机械能转化为电能,从而获得一种新的可再生能源的利用。在纳米尺度,淀粉的纳米结构单元在照相机闪光灯的激发下就可以"升华";与火力发电相比,淀粉粉尘爆炸发电亦有其独特的优越性。Energy crisis is the huge challenge that mankind will be faced with,the exploitation of biological energy has become a hot point in the present world.Biological energy has become the fourth largest energy resource in the world.It is just inferior to the petroleum,coal and natural gas in the whole energy sources system and has always been playing an important role in daily life.The exploitation of biological energy will make the energy diverse and minimize the bad effects of the continuous uprising of international oil price for the development of our economy.Our country is very rich of starch biological resources.Starch energy bioconversion is an very effective way for relieving tight energy.It can reduce our economy＇s reliance on oil as much as possible.At present starch is mainly used to produce fuel ethanol with a relatively mature fermentation process.Several fuel ethanol production factories have been already built in China.But the research for starch fermentative hydrogen production still stays in the lab.This article gives an overview of starch fermentative production techniques for both fuel ethanol and hydrogen,also analyses the combustion characteristics of starch particle and its possibility for electric energy conversion.If the dust explosion could be transformed into electrical energy using piezoelectric effect,a new renewable energy sources could be obtained.Starch nanounits can ＂sublimate＂ under the excitation of camera flash light in the room temperature.Compared with thermal power generation,starch dust explosion generation has its own unique advantages.

关 键 词：淀粉 燃料乙醇 氢气 发酵 

分 类 号：TS231[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]