上海市静安区食源性腹泻病的发生状况及对策分析  

Occurrence of Food-Borne Diarrhea in Jing'an District of Shanghai and Analysis on Countermeasures

作　　者：颜士勇[1] 刘弘[2] 陈毅琼[1] 征柏[1] 徐惠珠[1] 高围溦[2] 王李伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市静安区疾病预防控制中心,上海200041 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200051

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2010年第3期277-280,共4页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

摘　　要：目的全面了解静安区食源性腹泻病发生状况,为建立食源性疾病监测网络提供基础资料,以便提出相应的控制措施。方法采用整群抽样的方法选择静安区常住居民201人,入户调查,询问基本情况、食品卫生知识和行为、食源性腹泻病、食品卫生状况评价及需要。用Epidata建数据库,用SAS进行统计分析。结果静安区居民腹泻年患病率为25.87%,两周患病率为4.98%;食源性腹泻年患病率为5.97%,两周患病率为1.49%。性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、婚姻状况、健康状况对患病率的影响差异无统计学意义。但不同经济收入的调查对象腹泻年患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中收入较高者腹泻年发生率有高发倾向。食品加工用具是否生熟分开对腹泻年患病率的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),刀具不专用患病的危险是专用的6.41倍,砧板不专用患病危险是专用的5.23倍;异味或变质食品处理方式对腹泻两周患病的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),加工后再吃患病危险是不吃的10.50倍;家庭冰箱使用状况对食源性腹泻的年患病的影响有差异统计学意义(P<0.05),不使用冰箱患病危险是使用冰箱的5.03倍;未发现其他生活方式对患病的影响。结论食源性腹泻病仍有发生,居民要加强厨房卫生意识和养成良好的个人卫生饮食习惯,要大力宣传食品卫生知识。Objective To survey the status quo of food-borne diarrhea in Jing＇an district and to provide basic information for food-borne disease surveillance network,so as to put forward the corresponding countermeasures.Method Conducting a household survey on 201 residents selected by cluster sampling method.The subjects were investigated by questionnaires on the general conditions,their knowledge and behavior on food safety,the incidence of foodborne diarrhea,and the evaluation and needs on food hygiene and safety.The database was built with Epidata and analyzed with statistic software SAS.Results The prevalence rate of diarrhea in the year was 25.87% and the rate of diarrhea in two weeks was 4.98%,and the prevalence rate of food borne diarrhea in the year was 5.97% and the rate of food-borne diarrhea in two weeks was 1.49%.The prevalence rate of diarrhea was not affected by gender,age,occupation,education,marital status and health status significantly,but the prevalence rate of food-borne disease varied significantly with the income（P 0.01） and the ways of preparing foods（P 0.05）.The risks were 6.41 times higher in residents not using knife separately for preparing raw and cooked foods and the risks were 5.23 times higher in residents not using chopping block separately than those using knife and chopping block separately for preparing raw and cooked foods（P 0.05）.The prevalence of diarrhea was affected by the manner of disposing bad smelled or deteriorated foods.The risks for eating deteriorated food after cooking again were 10.05 times higher than not eating.The risks for residents without refrigerator at home were 5.03 times higher than those with refrigerator at home.Conclusion A proportionate of food-borne diseases still occurred in Jing＇an district.The hygienic awareness in the process of food in kitchen should be strengthened;and personal hygiene and good dietary habit should be developed.The knowledge on food safety should be promoted widely.

关 键 词：食源性疾病 腹泻 调查 患病率 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]