珠心算的认知机制及其与认知能力的关系  

The Cognitive Mechanism of Abacus-based Mental Calculation and the Role of Abacus-training in Improving Cognitive Ability

作　　者：许晓华[1] 司继伟[1] 汪飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第3期119-123,共5页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：全国教育科学"十五"规划教育部青年专项课题资助(EBA030406);教育部人文社会科学研究项目基金资助(09YJAXLX014)

摘　　要：主要分析了当前国内、外关于珠心算的认知机制及其与认知能力的关系的有关发现.关于珠心算的认知机制,许多研究者运用行为实验、眼动技术、fMRI和PET等不同手段均取得了大致一致的结论,即珠心算依赖视空间模板而非语音回路.但对于珠心算对认知能力的改善作用,目前仍存在两种对立观点,一种观点认为珠心算教学对儿童的认知能力有加速作用,另一种观点则认为通过珠心算训练所获得的认知能力具有特异性.讨论了上述对立观点出现的可能原因.Studies about the cognitive mechanism of abacus-based mental calculation and those about the role of abacus-training in improving cognitive ability were analyzed in the present paper.By means of various techniques,such as behavioral experiments,eye tracking,fMRI,PET,etc.,researchers came almost to unanimous conclusion that abacus-based mental calculation depended on visuospatial sketchpad,but not phonological loop,which is critical in mental arithmetic other than abacus-based mental calculation.As for the role of training in abacus-based mental calculation in improving general cognitive ability,a controversy appeared.Some reseachers believed that abacus-training can accelerate the development of cognitive ability.Others believed that the abilities acquired in abacus-training were domain-specific.The possible explanations for these two conflicting views were also discussed in the present paper.

关 键 词：珠心算 工作记忆 语音回路 视空间模板 中央执行系统 认知能力 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]