从讲座制的兴衰透视学术组织结构形式的演变  

The Transformation of Academical Organizational Structure from the Perspective of the Rise and Fall of Lecture System

作　　者：李治[1] 徐厚礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学,武汉430079

出　　处：《学园（学者的精神家园）》2009年第1期47-52,共6页Academy

摘　　要：讲座制可谓历史悠久,不过作为大学的一种固定的基层学术组织结构形式,经历的时间并不长。在18世纪末19世纪初,讲座制开始盛行于西方,尤其是柏林大学的创办,使讲座制以固定的学术组织结构形式确立下来,并得到辉煌发展,影响广泛,但同时,讲座制的弊端也日渐显露出来,开始走向衰落。到了20世纪上半叶,学系制——作为一种新兴的基层学术组织结构形式逐渐兴起和流行,并开始取代讲座制,成为主要的大学基层学术组织。到了20世纪六七十年代,大多数国家完成了讲座制向学系(科)制的演变。The Lecture system has a long history, but as a regular, grass - roots academical organizational structure, its history is not very long. In the late 18th century and the early 19th century, lecture system began to be prevalent in the West, especially when the University of Berlin was founded. So the Lecture system as a fixed academical organizational structure established, and then rapidly developed and gained wide inflnence. At the same, the seminar system deficiencies became increasingly apparent, and it began to decline. In the first half of the 20th century, the department system - a new grass - roots academic organizational structure - gradually became more popular and began to replace the old system. It became a major university academic grass - roots organization. In the 1960s and 1970s, most countries had completed transformation from tie lecture system to department system.

关 键 词：学术组织 讲座制 讲座教授 学系(科)制 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]