乐观性对自我反思和内在觉知与心理健康之间关系的调节作用  

Moderating Effects of Optimism on Psychological Well-being

作　　者：李虹[1] 孙汉银[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学心理学系,北京100084 [2]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2010年第5期515-520,共6页Psychological Development and Education

摘　　要：本研究的主要目的是检验乐观性对自我反思和内在觉知与心理健康之间关系的调节作用。研究被试为来自北京市三所高校的568名大学生,所采用的主要测量工具有:个人自我意识量表,乐观性问卷、自尊量表和一般健康问卷(GHQ-20)。主要研究结果为:(1)乐观性可以调节自我反思和一般健康状况之间的关系、但是不可以调节自我反思和自尊之间的关系;(2)乐观性可以调节内在觉知和一般健康状况之间的关系,同时也可以调节自我反思和自尊之间的关系。本研究的主要结论是:乐观性对于自我反思和内在觉知与心理健康之间关系的调节作用假设得到部分支持。The cognitive literature abounds with reports demonstrating a positive relation between a heightened degree of attention focused on the self and diverse psychopathological states. For example, several theoretical conceptualizations of self-focused attention have been related to a vairety of specific clinical disorders such as alcohol abuse, depression, anxiety, test anxiety, and social anxiety. Furthermore, several authors have discussed the theo- retical possibility that an excessive degree of self-focused attention occurs in depression and may mediate a subset of depressive features. Numerous other theoretical approaches have also suggested that test anxious individuals in a performance situation as ＂self rather than task oriented. Several self-focused attention studies have investigated other types of anxiety such as social anxiety, and found significant relations among the social anxiety and self-focused attention. Then, which aspects of self specifically lead to the problems, and how do they work as the predictors？ Our literature review revealed that many researches in this field focused on the relationship between self-consciousness and psychological well-being. Researches further suggested that findings of the relationship between one aspect of self-consciousness-public self-consciousness and psychological well-being were consistent. But, findings of the relationship between another aspect of self-consciousness-private self-consciousness and psychological well-being were different. Private self-consciousness consists of self-reflectiveness and internal-state-awareness. Self-reflectiveness was found to be negatively associated with psychological well-being, but internal-state-awareness was found to be positively associated with psychological well-being. However, people would be healthy and happy if they were dispositional optimism no matter they tend to be self-reflectiveness or internal-state-awareness. The literature sug- gested that self-reflectiveness, internal-state-awareness and optimism might be

关 键 词：乐观性 心理健康 自我反思 内在觉知 调节作用 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]