基于计算机视觉的平面角度测量方法  

Planar Angle Measurement Based on Computer Vision

作　　者：王德麾[1] 袁中凡[1] 樊庆文[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学制造科学与工程学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2010年第5期775-779,793,共6页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

摘　　要：为解决制造、地质、控制等领域中角度的快速测量问题,提出了一种基于计算机视觉原理的非接触式角度测量方法.测量时仅需用已知内部参数的相机,在空间任意位置对待测角进行1次拍照即可.在所得图像上,利用直线检测和最小二乘法,得到待测角各边1组平行线或1段均分线段的图像方程;再通过计算平行线图像的交点或利用交比的调和性,确定对应边上灭点的坐标;根据相机成像方程,即可由灭点坐标和已知的相机内部参数计算出待测角的角度.实验证明,用此方法,即使在较远距离处测量,其相对误差也能控制在2%以内.In order to solve the rapid angle measurement problem in the fields such as manufacturing,geology and control engineering,a non-contact angle measurement algorithm based on computer vision was proposed.In this algorithm,the camera＇s intrinsic parameters should be known before measurement and only one photograph of the target angle is required.And the photograph can be taken arbitrarily.When a set of parallel lines or an equational line segment is marked on each side of the angle,the equations of their images on the photograph can be acquired by using the line detection and the least square method.Then through calculating the intersection of the parallel lines＇ images or by using the harmonic cross-ratio,the coordinates of vanishing points on each side can be figured out.Finally,based on the imaging equation,the vanishing points＇ coordinates and the intrinsic parameters,the angle＇s value can be figured out.The experimental results show that even for a far distance measurement,the relative error of this algorithm can be controlled within 2%.

关 键 词：角度测量 计算机视觉 灭点 交比调和性 相机定标 

分 类 号：TP301.6[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]