安溪铁观音茶园土壤肥力分析  

Soil Fertility Analysis of Tie-guanyin Tea Garden at Anxi County

作　　者：杨如兴[1] 张磊[1] 王文建[2] 吴民亿[1] 谢伟良 邬龄盛[1] 尤志明[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福安355015 [2]安溪县茶叶科学研究所,福建安溪362400 [3]安溪县生产力促进中心,福建安溪362400

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第21期160-166,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：福建省科技计划重点项目(2008N0017)

摘　　要：通过土壤肥力的测试,了解和掌握施肥水平,为铁观音茶园合理施肥和土壤的改良提供科学依据。笔者对安溪感德、祥华等8个有代表性铁观音主产乡镇茶园土壤的pH、有机质及氮、磷、钾养分进行分析。结果表明:供试山地土壤pH均值为4.69,基础较好,而茶园土壤pH在3.37～4.94之间,pH<4.0的占54.17%,酸化严重,两者差异达极显著水平;茶园土壤有机质总体表现优良,上层土壤有机质变幅为1.22%～5.39%,均值达2.61%,有机质含量超过土壤肥力Ⅰ级水平的占87.5%;茶园土壤氮素含量较高,供氮能力强,91.67%上层土壤的全氮量和碱解氮含量均达土壤肥力I级;茶园土壤有效磷含量高,祥华祥地上层土壤有效磷含量高达464.8mg/kg,大大超过环境临界值;茶园土壤钾含量不均衡,下层土壤速效钾含量普遍偏低,其中感德五甲铁观音茶园土壤全钾量较高,与其他7个主产乡镇的差异达到极显著水平,而西坪-松岩、龙涓-华祥苑茶园土壤钾含量严重不足。The soil fertility was tested and fertilization level was mastered in Tie-guanyin garden.The object was to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization and soil improvement.The contents of Organic matter,N,P,K and pH of soil Tie-guanyin tea garden soil,which fertilized after autumn plucked at 8 main productive towns were analyzed.Results showed that the mean of mountain soil pH was 4.69,the soil pH of tea garden was between 3.37～4.94,the phenomena of tea garden soil acidification were serious.The difference was very significant.The contents of soil organic matter were rich overall,ranged from 1.22% to 5.39% of surface soil,mean was 2.61%.87.5% organic matter contents higher than the level of soil fertility grade Ⅰ.The contents of nitrogen were in an appropriate amount.The contents of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen of 91.67% surface soil reached the level Ⅰ.The contents of available phosphorus were high.The contents of available phosphorus of the surface soil at Xianghua Xiangdi were 464.8 mg/kg,exceeding the critical value 60 mg/kg.The contents of potassium were imbalanced.The contents of available potassium were low of subsoil generally.The content of total potassium was high in Gande-Wujia,the difference was very significant with theother 7 towns.Available potassium was seriously short in Xiping Songyan and Longjuan Huaxiangyuan.

关 键 词：安溪 铁观音 土壤 养分状况 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S158.2[农业科学—作物学]