不同专业背景心理咨询与治疗专业人员的临床工作现状  

Current clinical practice in psychotherapy and counseling by professional personnel with different professional backgrounds

作　　者：张黎黎[1,2] 杨鹏[1] 钱铭怡[1] 陈红[3] 钟杰[1] 姚萍[1] 徐凯文[1] 易春丽[1] 张智丰[1] 王易平 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系 [2]清华大学心理学系 [3]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715 [4]北京红枫妇女服务中心,北京100054

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2010年第12期948-953,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目<中国心理健康服务体系现状及对策研究>(批准号:05JZD00031;项目负责人:西南大学黄希庭)子课题:中国心理健康服务体系的管理监督现状及对策研究(子课题负责人:钱铭怡)

摘　　要：目的:考察不同专业背景的心理咨询与治疗专业人员的临床工作现状。方法:研究采用分层方便取样。调查了全国28个省份的专业人员1201名,其中,心理学背景专业人员470名,医学314名,教育学190名,其他194名,33人未报告此信息。使用心理咨询与心理治疗情况调查表来调查专业工作一般情况、提供临床心理服务的类型、对各种诊断标准的使用、获得疗效反馈信息的途径以及与来访者互动状况。结果:(1)心理学背景的专业人员整体受教育水平最高(硕士以上者占49.5%),医学背景专业人员每周从事专业工作时间最长(平均10.8小时/周),心理学和医学背景专业人员每周案例讨论和督导时间最多(均为2.3小时/周)。但3类人员接受小组督导和个人督导的时间均小于1小时/周。(2)心理学背景的专业人员提供心理咨询的频率多于其余3类专业人员[(3.7±0.9)vs.(3.3±0.9),(3.4±0.9),(3.3±0.9);P<0.01];医学背景专业人员提供心理治疗的频率(2.9±1.0)、药物治疗的频率(2.9±1.1)均最多;心理学和医学背景专业人员更多从事心理测量工作[(2.4±1.0),(2.5±1.1)vs.(2.1±0.9),(2.2±1.1);P<0.01]。(3)医学背景专业人员运用诊断标准更多也更严格。(4)心理学背景专业人员对来访者的治疗或咨询更多地按计划结束(3.1±0.8)。结论:医学背景和心理学背景专业人员从事了更多的专业工作并做得相对更好。Objective： To explore cm-rent clinical practices in psychotherapy and counseling by professional personnel with different professional backgrounds. Methods： Totally 1201 professional personnel from 28 provinces were investigated by a stratified convenience sampling in this study. Among the whole subjects, there were 470 professional personnel with psychology background, 314 with medicine background, 190 with education background, 194 with other background, and 33 subjects didn＇t report this information. The study used a questionnaire of counseling and psychotherapy work to investigate the general features of professional work, types of clinical psychological services offered, usage of diagnostic criteria, methods of acquiring feedback on efficacy, and interaction with cli-ents. Results： （ 1 } Professional personnel with psychology background had the highest educational lever （ master and above degree was 49. 5 % } . Professional personnel with medicine background spent more time on clinical work {average 10. 8 h per week} . Professional personnel with medicine or psychology background spent more time in case discussion and supervision （ average 2. 3 h per week} . But the group supervision hours and individual supervision hours in a week were all less than 1 h among all professional personnel. {2 ） Professional personnel with psychology background did more counseling work than other three backgrounds [ （ 3. 7±0. 9 } vs. （ 3. 3± 0. 91 , （ 3.4 ±0. 9 }, { 3.3 ±0. 9 } ; Ps 〈 0. 01 ] . Professional personnel with medicine background did most psychotherapy （ 2.9 ± 1. 0 } and medication treatment { 2. 9 ± 1.1 } . Professional personnel with both psychology and medicine background used psychological assessment more often [ 12. 4 ± 1.0 ） , { 2. 5 ± 1.1 ） vs. { 2. 1 ± 0. 9 ） , [ 2. 2 ± 1.1 } ; P 〈 0. 01 ] . { 3 ） Professional personnel with medicine background used diagnostic tools more often and more strictly. { 4 } More professional personnel with psychology background finishe

关 键 词：心理咨询与治疗 专业背景 心理学 医学 教育学 工作现状 现况调查 

分 类 号：R749.055[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R192[医药卫生—临床医学]