柴油公交车行驶工况解析及排放特性研究  

Analysis of Bus Driving Cycle and Investigation of Bus Emission Characteristic

作　　者：刘志华[1] 葛蕴珊[1] 谭建伟[1] 樊守彬[2] 王矗[1] 余林啸[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学汽车动力性与排放测试国家专业实验室,北京100081 [2]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报》2010年第11期1285-1289,共5页Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology

基　　金：北京理工大学国家重点实验室开放基金资助课题(SKLE200906)

摘　　要：为评价ESC和ETC工况与公交车实际行驶工况的一致性,以及其排放限值与实际行驶排放水平的差异,对北京市公交车的行驶工况进行了调查.采用聚类的统计方法对工况数据进行解析和特征值计算,选择合适的公交车采用SEMTECH气态分析仪对气态污染物实时测量.结果表明:ESC稳态及ETC瞬态工况均与公交车的实际行驶工况有很大的差别,采用通过ESC和ETC标准的发动机在公交车上运转时,CO和NOx的排放量会经常大幅度超过限值,特别是NOx超过50%的时间点均处于限值以上,且偏离程度较大,不能有效地对公交车排放进行限定.对公交车可以在台架上采用特定的工况进行型式认证,或者采用车载测量的方法作为补充的监督手段.To evaluate the consistency of ESC （European steady cycle） and ETC （European transient cycle） model with bus driving cycle and to compare the emission discrepancy between legislation limits and real-time measurement, the bus driving cycle survey and real-time emission test have been conducted. The statistical characteristic of bus driving cycle was derived from the clustering analysis of driving cycle survey. Four buses which have the same characteristic were chosen to conduct real-time measurement using SEMTECH portable gaseous pollutant analyzer. The results indicate that there have great differences between the bus real-time driving cycle and regulations of ESC stable model and ETC transient model. The CO and NOx emission of the four buses exceed the limits frequently though the engines of the buses did pass the ESC and ETC legislation. In other words, the existing models can not control buses emission effectively. It is necessary to develop a special model for approving bus type on test bench or use portable emission test equipments as a supplement measurement.

关 键 词：公交车 行驶工况 欧洲稳态循环 欧洲瞬态循环 比排放 

分 类 号：TK421.5[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]