新疆青少年心理健康素质现状及特点  

The status and features of mental health qualities among adolescents in Xinjiang

作　　者：贾德梅[1] 李洪玉[2] 沈德立[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学跨文化认知与人格重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830053 [2]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300074

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2011年第1期53-59,共7页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(03JZD0029),教育部人文社会科学重大研究项目(02JAZJDXLX004);新疆维吾尔自治区教育科学规划课题(070301)

摘　　要：目的：考察新疆青少年心理健康素质的现状及特点。方法：通过分层抽样方法，在新疆地区选取了2138名10~19岁在校中小学生（来自汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族），采用中国青少年心理健康素质调查表（Chinese Adolescent Mental Health Qualities Inventory，CAMHQI）进行调查，该调查表包含适应状况、人际沟通、个性素质、动力系统、自我、认知风格、归因风格和应对方式8个分量表。结果：（1）新疆青少年心理健康素质各项指标均值都在3分左右。新疆青少年的适应状况、人际沟通、个性素质、自我、认知风格、应对方式分量表分均高于全国青少年常模，而动力系统、归因风格分量表分均低于全国青少年常模。（2）哈萨克族青少年的认知风格及归因风格分量表分均高于汉族青少年；汉族和哈萨克族青少年的适应状况、人际沟通、个性素质、动力系统、自我以及归因风格分量表分均高于维吾尔族青少年。（3）小学五年级学生各分量表（除应对方式外）得分均高于其他年级学生；除认知风格分量表外，初三年级学生各分量表得分均高于初一学生；高二、高三年级学生的动力系统得分高于高一年级学生。（4）女生动力系统得分高于男生，而认知风格得分低于男生。结论：新疆地区青少年各方面心理健康素质的水平都比较高，有6种素质的水平高于全国平均水平；小学生五年级心理健康素质的发展水平最高，初中阶段呈先降后升，高中阶段的发展水平处于稳定状态；哈萨克族和汉族青少年心理健康素质的发展与维吾尔族青少年相比具有明显的优势。Objective：To examine the status and features of mental health qualities among adolescents in Xinjiang region Method：Totally 2138 primary and middle school students were selected as participants by group sampling method The participants,aging from 10 to 19-year-old,come from Han,Uyghur and Kazak nationalities They were administered the Chinese Adolescents Mental Health Qualities Inventory（CAMHQI）,which had been developed by the national research team The instrument consisted of 8 subscales：adaptability,interpersonal communication,personality,motivation,self,cognitive style,attribution style and coping style Results：（1）Among the adolescent participants in Xinjiang region,the mean scores of each subscale were around 3 or so,suggesting that all of their mental health qualities were basically in a higher level For the participants in Xinjiang region,the mean scores of 6 subscales（i e ,adaptability,interpersonal communication,personality,self,cognitive style and coping style）were significantly higher than those of national norm（For adaptability scale,（3 01±0 38）vs （2 97±0 40）,P〈0 001）,but the mean scores of other two subscales（i e ,motivation and attribution style）were significantly lower than those of national norm [For motivation scale,（2 71±0 28）vs （2 83±0 30）;P〈0 001] （2）For the subscales of cognitive style and attribution style,the mean scores of Kazak adolescents were significantly higher than those of Han adolescents[（2 55±0 19）vs （2 53±0 16）,（2 94±0 33）vs （2 91±0 26）;P〈0 05] For the other 6 subscales（i e ,adaptability,interpersonal communication,personality,motivation,self,attribution style）,the mean scores of Han and Kazak adolescents were significantly higher than those of Uyghur adolescents respectively [For adaptability scale,（3 04±0 35）,（3 05±0 40）vs （2 94±0 39）;P〈0 001] （3）The subscale scores（except coping style）of grade 5 were significantly higher than those of other grades [（3 21±0 35）vs （2

关 键 词：新疆地区 青少年 心理健康素质 年级差异 性别差异 民族差异 横断面研究 

分 类 号：G448[哲学宗教—心理学] B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]