中国古代审美观照的拓展与深化--论郭象“独化”哲学中的“俯仰”与“虚静”的整合  

The Development and Intensification of Aesthetics in Ancient China:Integrating "Fuyang" and "Xujing" in GUO Xiang's "Solo-Growth" Philosophy

作　　者：张锡坤[1] 李希[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学,长春130012

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2011年第1期76-85,159,共10页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(07BZW014);吉林省社会科学基金项目(2007022)

摘　　要：郭象"独化"哲学的崇"有"把自然山水审美引向独立,相当于掀起一场美学革命。这其中包括对俯仰与虚静两种审美观照的整合,深深影响了此后美学思想发展进程的基本走向。俯仰与虚静各有所长,亦各有所短。俯仰有"观物取象"之长,亦有思维的类比受限之短;虚静有排斥外通感物之短,亦有拓展心灵自由之长。郭象的"无心玄应,唯感是从"则构成二者的交融互补。其经"无心"过滤清洗过的"唯感是从",一方面以俯仰的类比之短补入虚静的心灵自由之长,另一方面以隔绝外通之短补入俯仰的接物之长。中古山水审美的"寓目辄书"蔚然成风、"巧言切状"的追求及"目击道存"的观照方式的确认和推行,均得益于这种整合。它既是对庄子虚静排除具体感性的改造,又是对其"目击道存"理论依据的创造性发展,从而大大拓展和深化了中国古代的审美观照。GUO Xiang's 'solo-growth' philosophy advocates 'You',turing aesthetics of nature landscape to self critical appreciation, which seems like an aesthetics revolution. This advocacy integrates 'Fuyang' and 'Xujing' which greatly influenced the general trend for aesthetics development afterwards. 'Fuyang' and 'Xujing' have their own strong and weak points. 'Fuyang' has the advantage of 'watching for image',while it also contains the drawback of restriction from analogy thinking. 'Xujing' has the weakpoint of excluding synaesthesia property, while it also has the strength of expanding spiritual freedom. GUO Xiang's 'instincs-oriented without senseless thinking' (无心玄应,唯感是从) blends these two concepts together. Through 'senseless and thoughtless',the drawback of 'Fuxiang' could be made up by spiritual freedom from 'Xujing',while isolation (the weakpoint of 'Xujing' ) could give in to the advantage of 'Fuyang' . The combination of these two concepts contributed a lot in aesthetics. It is a reform and creative development of ZHUANG Zi's 'Xujing' . Thus, this integration expands and deepens the Chinese ancient aesthetics.

关 键 词：中国古代美学 审美观照 郭象 “独化” 俯仰 虚静 目击道存 

分 类 号：B235.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]