阳明心学与劝善运动  

Wang Yangming's Mentalism and Campaign of Advocating Charity

作　　者：吴震[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第1期53-59,共7页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(04BZX026);复旦大学985工程哲学社会科学创新基地项目(07FCZD018)

摘　　要：在晚明时代的"劝善运动"中,阳明将目光关注于下层社会秩序如何重建,他利用"谕俗文"等形式,强调"劝善惩恶"应双管齐下,通过记录"彰善"、"纠过"的道德手册以改造民风;与强调良知自律的心学主张不同,阳明强调在道德行为的背后自有"神明诛殛"及"余庆余殃"的果报规律存在;为实现端正人心、安排秩序这一心学理论的"终极"理想,可以充分利用"戏子"等通俗文化以激发起人们的"良知",通俗文化中所蕴含的"因果报应,秋毫不爽"的果报思想是极易感化人心的。心学与劝善的密切结合充分表明道德与宗教的关系问题正提上议事日程,而"德福"如何一致应是儒学不得不面临的重大理论问题。In the ＂Campaign of Advocating Charity＂ in the late Ming Dynasty,Wang Yangming focused his concern on re-construction of order in lower society.He emphasized a double action of ＂advocating charity and punishing the evil＂ by means of ＂notices to the commons＂ and tried to transform folk styles by means of moral handbooks ＂recording defects＂ and ＂prizing merits＂.In contrast to his mentalist idea stressing conscience and self-control,Wang emphasized the presence of karma behind moral conduct.In order to realize his mentalist ＂ultimate＂ ideal of correcting the mind and arranging order,such forms of popular culture as ＂dramas＂ could be utilized to inspire ＂conscience＂ in people,for such ideas of karma as ＂the effect serves the cause and nothing is to be obtained for no reason＂ in popular culture were most likely to impress people.The combination of mentalism with advocating charity showed evidently that the relationship between religion and morality had appeared on the agenda.

关 键 词：阳明心学 明代劝善运动 报应 德福一致 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]