利用地磁/星光观测角度的飞行器自主导航方法  

Autonomous navigation method using the angle between Geomagnetic and starlight vector

作　　者：刘睿[1] 王常虹[1] 李葆华[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学空间控制与惯性技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2011年第2期223-228,240,共7页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国防预研项目(51309060304);国家863计划资助项目(2005AA745060);十一五共性技术课题(51320050301)

摘　　要：针对地磁场模型精度较低从而导致导航精度不高及基于轨道动力学方程的天文导航方法的局限性问题,提出了一种利用天文/地磁信息进行飞行器自主导航的方法,建立了适用于一般飞行器的动力学方程,并推导了系统的观测方程。该方法以星光与地磁矢量夹角为观测量,采用Unscenteal Kalman Filter(UKF)方法估计飞行器的位置和速度。仿真结果表明:该算法的导航精度相对于地磁导航有较明显的提高;滤波收敛性、稳定性较好;在较大观测噪声的情况下,也能够获得较稳定的滤波效果;误差不随时间而累积。建立的动力学方程能够满足飞行器机动飞行,且能保证较高的导航精度,证明该方程具有普遍的适用性。According to the low precision of navigation system caused by the low precision of geomagnetic model and the limitation of astronomy navigation based on dynamics models, a autonomous navigation method, which used celestial/geomagnetism information, was presented. A general dynamics models was presented, and the observational equation of the system was educed. The angle between starlight and geomagnetic vectors was taken as observed variables and Unscenteal Kalman Filter （UKF） was used to estimate the position and the velocity of the flight. Simulation show the navigation precision of the algorithm is improved evidently compared with geomagnetic navigation. The method provides better filter convergence and stability. In the environment with loud observation noises, relatively stable filter effect can still be achieved. The navigation error doesn＇t cumulate with time. The dynamics models presented in this paper can meet the requirement of aircraft maneuvering, and guarantee the navigation accuracy. This model possesses general applicability. And this method has great significance to practical application.

关 键 词：地磁场 导航精度 天文/地磁自主导航 UKF 动力学方程 

分 类 号：V448.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]