儿童2岁时的行为抑制性对其7-14岁学校适应的预测  

How 2-year-old Children's Behavioral Inhibition Predicts Their School Adaptation at 7,11,and 14 Years of Age

作　　者：曹睿昕[1] 陈会昌[1] 陈欣银[2] 李丹[3] 蔡晓露[1] 张琳琳[1] 高艳苹[1] 杨柳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875 [2]加拿大西安大略大学心理系 [3]上海师范大学心理系,上海200234

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第3期602-607,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目<儿童心理发展的稳定性和变化性研究>(06JJDXLX002);加拿大人文社会科学研究委员会William T.Grant的资助

摘　　要：采用实验室观察和教师报告,考察2岁儿童的行为抑制性对其7岁、11岁和14岁时学校适应的预测作用。结果表明儿童2岁时的行为抑制性可以:(1)显著正向预测其7岁时教师报告的任务定向、同伴交往能力;负向预测其7岁时教师报告的攻击和学习问题。(2)显著正向预测男孩11岁时教师报告的受欺受辱和害羞焦虑。(3)显著正向预测其14岁时教师报告的任务定向能力,负向预测其14岁时教师报告的攻击、学习问题和受欺受辱。Behavioral inhibition refers to a temperament or style of reacting that some infants and young children exhibit when confronted with novel situations or unfamiliar adults or peers （Kagan et al. 1984, Fox et al. 2005）. Behavioral inhibition, one of the most stable temperamental characteristics, is a significant phenomenon in early childhood and plays an important role in the development of children＇s social, psychological functioning, and adaptation （Rubin, Burgess, ＆ Hastings, 2002; Fox et al. 2005; Chen X, （;hen H, Li, ＆ Wang, 2009）. Researches in Western countries have shown that behavioral inhibition in early childhood predicts later adjustment problems, such as loneliness, anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, behavioral inhibition is a culture-hound phenomenon which may contribute to different developmental outcomes in different societies. The adjustment difficulties that inhibite children＇s experience in the West may be related to the emphasis on social assertiveness and self-expression in human development. In China however, achieving and maintaining social order and interpersonal harmony are the primary concern. Individuals are encouraged to restrain personal desires for the benefits of the group. Chen et al. （1998） who investigated toddlerhood inhibition in novel social situations have found that children＇s inhibited behavior is associated with different maternal child-rearing attitudes in Canada and China. While associated with maternal rejection and punishment orientation in Canadian children, this behavior is associated with mothers＇ positive attitudes in Chinese children. According to Hou et al. （2009）, there is positive adaptation functioning of behavioral inhibition for Chinese children, and a negative functioning as well. Then along with children＇ s growth, Is its positive adaptation functioning stable？ Will negative adaptation functioning be more and more obvious？ Unfortunately, relevant research in China, especially from a developmental perspective, has been

关 键 词：2岁儿童 行为抑制性 社会能力 问题行为 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]