市场歧视对城镇地区性别工资差距的影响  

The Effect of Marker Discrimination on Gender Wage Gap in Urban China

作　　者：葛玉好[1] 曾湘泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,邮政编码100872

出　　处：《经济研究》2011年第6期45-56,92,共13页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"行业收入差距问题研究"(09CJY030);国家社会科学基金项目"实施扩大就业的发展战略:岗位创造;能力提升;中介服务及反歧视的机理和政策(07&ZD043)的资助;教育部人文社会科学研究项目"中国城镇地区性别工资差距研究"(09YJC790252)

摘　　要：本文使用基于分位数回归的反事实分析方法研究了中国城镇地区的性别工资差距问题,发现了以下三个结论:第一,性别工资差距在工资分布不同位置上存在不对称现象。从横截面数据来看,在工资分布顶端性别工资差距较小,在工资分布末端性别工资差距较大。从时序数据来看,在工资分布顶端性别工资差距越来越小,在工资分布末端性别工资差距越来越大。第二,性别工资差距在横截面数据上表现出不对称现象的原因是,女性在工资分布顶端受到的歧视程度低,在末端受到的歧视程度高。第三,性别工资差距在工资分布末端越来越大的原因是,女性受到的歧视程度越来越高;在工资分布顶端越来越小的原因是,男性和女性个人特征方面(如受教育水平)的差别越来越小。This paper examines gender wage gap in urban China using a counterfactual analysis based on quantile regression. We have three main findings in this paper. First, the degree of gender wage gap varies with the positions of wage distribution. The gap is big in lower positions and small in higher positions of the wage distribution. The trend of the gap varies with the positions too. The gap is bigger and bigger in lower positions and the opposite occurs in higher positions. Second, female workers in lower positions suffer more discrimination and those in higher positions suffer less discrimination, which can account for why the gap is big in lower positions and small in higher positions. Third, the reason why the gap is bigger and bigger in lower positions is that female workers there face more and more discrimination. The reason why the gap is smaller and smaller in higher positions is that the differenee of productivity eharacteristies（ such like education） between male and female workers gets smaller and smaller in higher positions.

关 键 词：工资分布 性别工资差距 分位数回归 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济] F249.24