词汇语音学习的影响因素  

Influential Factors of Lexical Phonological Learning

作　　者：汪竹[1] 陈宝国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第5期1033-1039,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(11BYY039);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目;教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(09YJAXLX002);应用实验心理北京市重点实验室的资助

摘　　要：词汇语音学习受哪些因素的影响是心理语言学研究中一个重要的问题。语音回路理论认为,语音短时记忆在词汇语音的学习过程中发挥着关键性的作用,语音短时记忆能力越好越有助于词汇的学习;语音敏感性假说认为,语音意识是影响词汇发展及学习的重要因素;语音知识假说则认为,语音知识可能发挥着更为基础和关键的作用。本文首先介绍了上述三种理论观点及其各自的证据,然后介绍了几种因素如何相互作用影响词汇语音学习的研究,最后,在分析前人研究的基础上,提出了该领域需要进一步研究的问题。Which factors influence lexical phonological learning is one of the critical issues in psycholinguistics. The phonological loop theory holds that phonological short-term memory （PSTM） plays a key role during the process of learning the phonological forms of new words; the better the ability of PSTM is, the more effective lexical learning becomes. PSTM is mainly measured by nonword repetition. Numerous studies relating to nonword repetition and word learning in typical samples of children and adults and in individuals with disorders have been done. However, nonword repetition is not only determined by PSTM despite the argument that it was multiply determined, but also constrained by phonological and speech-motor output processes. In terms of this account, the phonological sensitivity hypothesis claims that phonological awareness is an important factor to affect children＇s lexical growth and learning. It has been shown that considerable empirical support for new word learning abilities is closely linked with phonological sensitivity, particularly related to typicaUy developing children and individuals suffering from disorders such as developmental dyslexia, and children with special language impairment. Furthermore, an alternative theoretical interpretation has emerged, which highlights the role of phonological long-term knowledge plays during word learning. Growing empirical support has been found that both sublexical and lexical phonological knowledge are important determinants of lexical learning. Specifically, vocabulary growth drives the efficiency of word learning, either via boosting phonological awareness, or via affecting at the same time the performance in PSTM tasks. Sublexical phonological knowledge refers to phonotactic probability and neighborhood density. Relevant studies have shown that new words having a large number of lexical phonological neighbors or high phonotactic patterns will be learned faster than new words with low neighborhood density and low phonotactic probability. However, despi

关 键 词：语音短时记忆 语音意识 语音知识 词汇语音学习 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]