偏旁视角的先秦形声字发展定量研究  

The Quantitative Survey of Pictophonetic Character in Pre-Qin Days

作　　者：刘志基[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国文字研究与应用中心,上海200062

出　　处：《语言科学》2012年第1期88-100,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目"出土战国楚文献语料库的补充与深加工"(项目编号:09JJD740010);国家社科基金重大项目"出土古文献语料库建设研究"(项目批准号:10&ZD118);上海市重点学科华东师范大学"汉语言文字学"(项目编号:B403)的资助

摘　　要：文章立足数字化平台,在完成殷商甲骨文、西周金文、战国楚简帛文和秦简文形声字及其偏旁(声符与义符)的定量调查统计的基础上,通过字头与偏旁数量之比,证明先秦形声字偏旁具有历时发展的精简化趋向;通过声符与义符数量之比揭示了在"标类"与"标声"两大形声字发展途径中,前者始终占据愈益强势的主导地位;通过各类型文字偏旁构频之比,证明了不同类型文字对偏旁各有不同的选择性,这种选择的差异既由文字系统历时发展所促发,也有文献类型差异的成因。On the basis of quantitative survey of pictophonetic character including bone-inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, Chu and Qin bamboo-inscriptions and their components, by comparing the number of basic characters and the number of character components, this paper proves that character component of pictophonetic character has a tendency of simplification while developing. By comparing the number of phonetic signs and the number of meaning signs, it discloses category marking dominated over sound marking in the two developing paths of pictophonetic character. By comparing the composing ratio of phonetic signs and meaning signs in different types of inscriptions, it shows that different types of inscriptions have different tendency in selecting of character component, and these kinds of difference were caused not only by diachronic developing of character system, but also by the difference of document types.

关 键 词：先秦 形声字 偏旁 声符 义符 

分 类 号：H122[语言文字—汉语]