经验归纳与外推及其科学史典型案例分析  

Empirio-induction & Extrapolation and Analysis of Its Typical Case from the History of Science

作　　者：刘冠军[1] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学经济学院,山东日照276826

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2012年第2期66-70,共5页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"马克思‘科技-经济’思想及其发展研究"(11BKS005);山东省研究生教育创新计划资助项目"研究生问题意识和创新能力的培养与提升研究"(SDYY09063)

摘　　要：从科学思维方法论的角度看,经验归纳与外推是指科学工作者将在一定领域内通过经验或实验归纳得到确实可靠的知识或规律,推及到其他的相同或相似的未知领域以获得新的科学发现、新的知识或规律的一种思维操作方法。在科学史上,万有引力定律发现的整个过程贯穿着这一方法的运用;"伽利略惯性定律"被称为"牛顿第一定律"从这一方法的角度能够得到合理解释;达尔文进化论主要观点的提出主要得益于这一方法的运用,因此经验归纳与外推是科学发现、科学知识增长的重要捷径和方法。Seen from the perspective of scientific thinking operation method through which scientific workers obtain ence or experiment and extrapolate the knowledge or rule , empirio - induction and extrapolation is a kind of thought in certain areas sound knowledge or rule through experi- to similar unknown areas to make new discoveries, and to obtain new knowledge or rule. In the history of science, the application of this method was carried all the way through the whole process of the discovery of the law of universal gravitation. The fact that＂ Galileo inertia law＂ is called ＂Newton＇ s first law of motion＂ can be reasonably explained from this method. It is mainly because of the application of this method that Darwin put forth his theory of evolution. Thus, the method of empirio - induction and extrapolation is a significant shortcut for scientific discovery and scientific knowledge increase

关 键 词：经验归纳与外推 科学史 万有引力定律 伽利略惯性定律 牛顿第一定律 达尔文进化论 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]