潜逻辑运算类皮亚杰守恒任务中的负启动效应  

The Negative Priming Effect in Piaget-like Tasks in the “Infra-logic” Domain

作　　者：李晓东[1] 徐雯[1] 李娜燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学师范学院,深圳518060

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第2期358-363,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：本研究的目的是检验完成潜逻辑运算类皮亚杰守恒任务是否需要认知抑制的参与。被试为两组11岁的儿童,全部通过了标准皮亚杰重量及液体守恒任务。实验一发现儿童在解决类皮亚杰重量守恒任务时出现了负启动效应,负启动量为138.06ms。实验二发现儿童在完成类皮亚杰液体守恒任务时仍然存在负启动效应,负启动量为67.4ms。实验结果表明要成功完成潜逻辑运算领域类皮亚杰守恒任务,也需要认知抑制过程的参与。Conservation was a very important concept of Piaget＇ s cognitive development theory. Piaget believed that whether or not children could pass conservation tasks was highly related to their operation ability. But many researchers questioned his viewpoints recently. They supposed that children might already have the ability to understand conservation but still failed to finish this kind of tasks. This was due to the fact that they could not resist the interference. For example, children succeeded in conservation-of -number tasks because they inhibited a misleading strategy, namely, the visuospatial ＂length-equals-number＂. This study aimed to examine whether children working on infra-domain conservation tasks successfully involved the cognitive inhibition process. The subjects were two groups of 11-year-old children, and all of them passed the standard Piaget conservation-of-weight tasks and conservation-of-liquid tasks. In Experiment 1, two displays of items were presented on a computer screen showing a pair of scales and the subjects had to judge their weight equivalence. In Priming Task （A）, the children were to activate strategy S1 to judge according to the actual weight, and meanwhile, to inhibit strategy S2 （number-equals-weight）. In Probe Task （B） , weight and number were eovariant. In the test condition the item presentation order was A then B, and in the control condition the order was reversed （ B then A）. A neutral item of answer which was always the same was inserted between the two conditions. Test items and control items were distributed randomly. The mean reaction time on B was 1158.46 ms in the test condition and 1020.40 ms in the control condition, and the difference was significant （p 〈. 01 ） with a pair-t test. Experimental 1 observed a negative priming effect in Piaget-like conser- vation-of-weight tasks, which was 138.06ms. Experiment 2 used the same design and procedure as Experiment 1 did, except the material which was liquid quantity. The mean reaction time to B w

关 键 词：负启动效应 类皮亚杰任务 守恒 认知抑制 潜逻辑 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]