交通流现象与模型评述  

Review on Traffic Flow Phenomena and Theory

作　　者：关伟[1] 何蜀燕[1] 马继辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学城市交通复杂系统理论与技术教育部重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2012年第3期90-97,共8页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：863主题项目课题'区域交通网络化智能诱导控制技术'(2011AA110303);北京交通大学基本科研业务费项目(2011YJS245;2011JBZ007)

摘　　要：为了解决日益严重的交通拥堵问题,近几十年来,研究人员在国内外高速公路和城市快速路上发现了多种交通现象,并提出各种交通流模型对已发现的交通现象进行重现和解释,目的是为交通流控制与疏导提供理论支持.本文首先对目前已发现的交通流现象,如通行能力陡降、滞后效应、走-停交通波和同步流现象进行介绍,然后从交通流模型中的速度、加速度和二阶加速度的宏观/微观,连续/离散表达式几方面介绍了现有的一些交通流模型,并对模型解释交通现象的能力进行综合性评述.Aiming at solving severe traffic congestion problem in metropolitan, in the last several decades, a number of traffic flow phenomena were discovered on freeways all over the world. Recent researches on traffic flow focused on developing traffic models and methodology which could explain and reproduce all these phenomena. In this paper, observed traffic phenomena such as traffic breakdown, hysteresis, stop-and-go traffic and synchronized flow are introduced. Then traffic flow models are classified by their equations of speed, acceleration and second-order acceleration in macroscopic/microscopic or continuous/discontinuous forms. Features of these traffic models and their explanation on traffic phenomena are also discussed.

关 键 词：智能交通 交通流模型 交通流现象 快速路 交通流理论 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]