从“理一分殊”看当代新儒学的发展  

The Neo-Confucian Theory of "Li-Yi-Fenshu" and the Development of Contemporary New Confucianism

作　　者：景海峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学国学研究所,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《学术月刊》2012年第7期40-46,共7页Academic Monthly

摘　　要："理一分殊"是宋明理学的重要概念,关涉到普遍性与特殊性、同一与差异、抽象和具体等义,与传统哲学中的一多之辨、体用之论、总别和同异之议均有关系。当代新儒家直接承续了宋明理学的精神,面对时代问题,不断地吸收传统智慧以作新解,进而转化为当下思考的资源。从诠释学的观点来看,"理一分殊"的思想包含了十分重要的方法论内容,对于我们理解当代文化的多样性和复杂性,以及思考儒学的未来发展,都有着直接的启迪意义。在今天这样一个价值迷失和工具理性极度膨胀的社会里,义理世界渐渐失去了其同一性,甚至无"理"可讲,本根意识的杂乱无章或者消解,使得社会的同构性趋向于减弱,每一个生命都成为无所依归的个体原子,本能式的个人主义大行其道。这种意义丧失、道德视野褪色而社会陷于分裂的境况,迫使我们不能不讲"理一"。因为,只有回到人与人、人与社会、人与自然的存在性关联当中,在休戚与共的一体关系里面,才能够重新找到渐次失落的意义本源,维持价值理性的同一性。但"理一"又不能够脱离开"分殊"来讲,而必须要置于"分殊"之中,在具体的情景下,在万事万物的个别性存有里面来明"理"。The Neo-Confucian theory of ＂Li-Yi-Fenshu＂ （Principle is one while duties or manifestations are many, 理一分殊） addresses a wide range of philosophical issues including universality and particularity, identity and difference, the abstract and the concrete. It also involves traditional debates over such philosophical problems as one and many, substance and function, general differentiation and same and other. As the inheritors of the spirit of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming periods, contemporary new Confucian thinkers creatively interpret the classics of Daoxue in an attempt to make it applicable to the modern world. They not only absorb the traditional wisdom hut also come up with new understandings; they even take things a step further by transforming them into valuable resources for modern thinking. The contemporary relevance of the idea of Li-Yi-Fenshu consists in its methodological implications for hermeneutic practice. It will definitely help us better understand the diversity and complexity of modern culture as well as the future development of Confucianism. Today, social life is marked by the confusion of values and the prevalence of instrumental rationality. With the universal ideal subverted and the consciousness of the primary principle deconstructed, people no longer care even to talk about the ideal world. When the ethical system of society breaks down, human beings degenerate into homeless atoms and individuals are guided merely by their instincts. To re-integrate the fragmented society and to recover the lost moral sense, we have no other choice but to promote the idea of Li-Yi （one principle）, for the source of the meaning of life can only be traced to the existential connection of human being with other human beings, and with society and nature, which form an organic whole. On the other hand, we should never think of Li-Yi in isolation from Fenshu, because unity can not be separated from diversity, only in the concrete situations is the principle manifested.

关 键 词：理一分殊 理学 当代新儒学 本体诠释学 

分 类 号：B262[哲学宗教—中国哲学]